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Hey everyone. So, a topic I get asked to

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Hey everyone. So, a topic I get asked to
 

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Hey everyone. So, a topic I get asked to
cover quite a lot is climate change

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cover quite a lot is climate change
 

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cover quite a lot is climate change
denial. I have made one very meaty video

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denial. I have made one very meaty video
 

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denial. I have made one very meaty video
on this topic, but like most areas of

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on this topic, but like most areas of
 

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on this topic, but like most areas of
science denial, one video is never

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science denial, one video is never
 

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science denial, one video is never
enough. So, let's continue to discuss

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enough. So, let's continue to discuss
 

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enough. So, let's continue to discuss
this. Now, as I said, I have done one

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this. Now, as I said, I have done one
 

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this. Now, as I said, I have done one
video on this topic, and that is my

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video on this topic, and that is my
 

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video on this topic, and that is my
video debunking Matt Ridley. He's an

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video debunking Matt Ridley. He's an
 

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video debunking Matt Ridley. He's an
aristocratic scumbag who profits off of

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aristocratic scumbag who profits off of
 

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aristocratic scumbag who profits off of
fossil fuels, among other things. Hence

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fossil fuels, among other things. Hence
 

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fossil fuels, among other things. Hence
his devotion to spreading propaganda,

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his devotion to spreading propaganda,
 

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his devotion to spreading propaganda,
minimizing the dangers of anthropogenic

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minimizing the dangers of anthropogenic
 

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minimizing the dangers of anthropogenic
climate change, and denigrating

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climate change, and denigrating
 

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climate change, and denigrating
alternative energy sources. He also made

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alternative energy sources. He also made
 

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alternative energy sources. He also made
a cameo in my video debunking COVID lab

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a cameo in my video debunking COVID lab
 

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a cameo in my video debunking COVID lab
leak propaganda given his popular book

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leak propaganda given his popular book
 

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leak propaganda given his popular book
with Alina Chan that brainwashed lots of

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with Alina Chan that brainwashed lots of
 

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with Alina Chan that brainwashed lots of
people. So, he's definitely made the

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people. So, he's definitely made the
 

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people. So, he's definitely made the
rounds in the science denial zeitgeist.

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rounds in the science denial zeitgeist.
 

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rounds in the science denial zeitgeist.
That video was very thorough and

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That video was very thorough and
 

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That video was very thorough and
examined a mountain of data in order to

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examined a mountain of data in order to
 

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examined a mountain of data in order to
combat Ridley's brand of climate change

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combat Ridley's brand of climate change
 

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combat Ridley's brand of climate change
denial, which is called lukewarmism. But

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denial, which is called lukewarmism. But
 

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denial, which is called lukewarmism. But
just as how debunking Andrew Wakefield

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just as how debunking Andrew Wakefield
 

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just as how debunking Andrew Wakefield
isn't enough to address the entire

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isn't enough to address the entire
 

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isn't enough to address the entire
antivaxer community, we can't stop with

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antivaxer community, we can't stop with
 

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antivaxer community, we can't stop with
this topic simply after debunking

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this topic simply after debunking
 

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this topic simply after debunking
Ridley, it will be worth our time to

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Ridley, it will be worth our time to
 

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Ridley, it will be worth our time to
examine the most common talking points

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examine the most common talking points
 

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examine the most common talking points
that climate change deniers of all

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that climate change deniers of all
 

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that climate change deniers of all
flavors put forward. To best tackle

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flavors put forward. To best tackle
 

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flavors put forward. To best tackle
this, I present to you a discussion with

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this, I present to you a discussion with
 

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this, I present to you a discussion with
Peter Hadfield, also known as Potholeer

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Peter Hadfield, also known as Potholeer
 

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Peter Hadfield, also known as Potholeer
54. Many of you will recognize him as an

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54. Many of you will recognize him as an
 

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54. Many of you will recognize him as an
OG YouTube debunker who was out there

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OG YouTube debunker who was out there
 

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OG YouTube debunker who was out there
debunking pseudocience well before I

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debunking pseudocience well before I
 

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debunking pseudocience well before I
even started my channel. Peter is a

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even started my channel. Peter is a
 

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even started my channel. Peter is a
geologist who has been covering climate

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geologist who has been covering climate
 

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geologist who has been covering climate
change as a science journalist since the

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change as a science journalist since the
 

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change as a science journalist since the
mid1 1990s, reporting from the

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mid1 1990s, reporting from the
 

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mid1 1990s, reporting from the
conference in Japan that gave us the

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conference in Japan that gave us the
 

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conference in Japan that gave us the
Kyoto protocol. Since then, he has

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Kyoto protocol. Since then, he has
 

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Kyoto protocol. Since then, he has
devoted a lot of time to addressing

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devoted a lot of time to addressing
 

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devoted a lot of time to addressing
climate change deniers and related

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climate change deniers and related
 

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climate change deniers and related
charlatans, which has made him a master

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charlatans, which has made him a master
 

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charlatans, which has made him a master
at debunking their most common

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at debunking their most common
 

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at debunking their most common
arguments. I first became aware of him

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arguments. I first became aware of him
 

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arguments. I first became aware of him
when debunking the deranged cult leader

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when debunking the deranged cult leader
 

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when debunking the deranged cult leader
Ben Davidson and his ridiculous channel

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Ben Davidson and his ridiculous channel
 

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Ben Davidson and his ridiculous channel
Suspicious Observers, which is now

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Suspicious Observers, which is now
 

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Suspicious Observers, which is now
called Space Weather News. Peter took

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called Space Weather News. Peter took
 

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called Space Weather News. Peter took
him down a peg or two in a couple of

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him down a peg or two in a couple of
 

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him down a peg or two in a couple of
live interactions which resulted in Ben

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live interactions which resulted in Ben
 

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live interactions which resulted in Ben
never attempting to directly engage a

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never attempting to directly engage a
 

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never attempting to directly engage a
real expert ever again. Now Peter is

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real expert ever again. Now Peter is
 

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real expert ever again. Now Peter is
here to help us understand the

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here to help us understand the
 

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here to help us understand the
distortions put forward by climate

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distortions put forward by climate
 

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distortions put forward by climate
change deniers so that we can all be

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change deniers so that we can all be
 

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change deniers so that we can all be
armed with the knowledge and

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armed with the knowledge and
 

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armed with the knowledge and
understanding required to cut down such

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understanding required to cut down such
 

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understanding required to cut down such
claims in our personal and professional

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claims in our personal and professional
 

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claims in our personal and professional
lives. If you have friends with these

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lives. If you have friends with these
 

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lives. If you have friends with these
views and you want to show them how

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views and you want to show them how
 

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views and you want to show them how
wrong they are, this video is for you.

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wrong they are, this video is for you.
 

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wrong they are, this video is for you.
So without further delay, let's begin

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So without further delay, let's begin
 

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So without further delay, let's begin
our discussion with Peter. Peter, thanks

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our discussion with Peter. Peter, thanks
 

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our discussion with Peter. Peter, thanks
so much for joining me. I'm excited to

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so much for joining me. I'm excited to
 

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so much for joining me. I'm excited to
have a discussion here about climate

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have a discussion here about climate
 

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have a discussion here about climate
change and in particular climate change

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change and in particular climate change
 

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change and in particular climate change
deniers. Uh maybe just go ahead and

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deniers. Uh maybe just go ahead and
 

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deniers. Uh maybe just go ahead and
introduce yourself to my viewers. Some

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introduce yourself to my viewers. Some
 

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introduce yourself to my viewers. Some
may know you, some may not.

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may know you, some may not.
 

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may know you, some may not.
>> Yeah. Well, um okay. So, Peter Hadfield,

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>> Yeah. Well, um okay. So, Peter Hadfield,
 

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>> Yeah. Well, um okay. So, Peter Hadfield,
I go under the name uh Potola 54 on

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I go under the name uh Potola 54 on
 

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I go under the name uh Potola 54 on
YouTube. Uh I've been YouTubing since

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YouTube. Uh I've been YouTubing since
 

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YouTube. Uh I've been YouTubing since
2006 in the very early days. Um and most

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2006 in the very early days. Um and most
 

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2006 in the very early days. Um and most
of what I do is um debunking science

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of what I do is um debunking science
 

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of what I do is um debunking science
myths on the internet uh of which there

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myths on the internet uh of which there
 

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myths on the internet uh of which there
are many and and they they they come

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are many and and they they they come
 

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are many and and they they they come
thick and fast much faster than they can

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thick and fast much faster than they can
 

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thick and fast much faster than they can
be debunked. But prior to that I've been

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be debunked. But prior to that I've been
 

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be debunked. But prior to that I've been
a journalist for the last 40 years um

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a journalist for the last 40 years um
 

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a journalist for the last 40 years um
mostly working as a science journalist.

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mostly working as a science journalist.
 

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mostly working as a science journalist.
I was a new scientist correspondent in

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I was a new scientist correspondent in
 

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I was a new scientist correspondent in
the Far East and uh well based in Japan

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the Far East and uh well based in Japan
 

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the Far East and uh well based in Japan
and um I I also worked as a journalist

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and um I I also worked as a journalist
 

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and um I I also worked as a journalist
in the Far East for a number of

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in the Far East for a number of
 

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in the Far East for a number of
newspapers and television networks and

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newspapers and television networks and
 

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newspapers and television networks and
um these days I'm in Australia working a

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um these days I'm in Australia working a
 

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um these days I'm in Australia working a
little less in news and a little more in

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little less in news and a little more in
 

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little less in news and a little more in
feature stories which is nice and easy.

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feature stories which is nice and easy.
 

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feature stories which is nice and easy.
>> Nice. Yeah, I I I think there's probably

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>> Nice. Yeah, I I I think there's probably
 

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>> Nice. Yeah, I I I think there's probably
a lot of people going I know that voice

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a lot of people going I know that voice
 

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a lot of people going I know that voice
but that's a new face.

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but that's a new face.
 

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but that's a new face.
>> So I've had that before. Yeah,

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>> So I've had that before. Yeah,
 

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>> So I've had that before. Yeah,
definitely. So, okay. So, let's talk

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definitely. So, okay. So, let's talk
 

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definitely. So, okay. So, let's talk
about climate change denial. So, this is

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about climate change denial. So, this is
 

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about climate change denial. So, this is
not new at all. Like, climate change

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not new at all. Like, climate change
 

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not new at all. Like, climate change
denial is decades. I mean, it's been

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denial is decades. I mean, it's been
 

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denial is decades. I mean, it's been
around. It's older than me probably. I

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around. It's older than me probably. I
 

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around. It's older than me probably. I
mean, it's this is something that's been

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mean, it's this is something that's been
 

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mean, it's this is something that's been
around, but I think that probably who

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around, but I think that probably who
 

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around, but I think that probably who
has been behind these various narratives

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has been behind these various narratives
 

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has been behind these various narratives
has probably changed hands. You've been

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has probably changed hands. You've been
 

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has probably changed hands. You've been
go you've been at this for a long time.

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go you've been at this for a long time.
 

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go you've been at this for a long time.
What have you noticed about the way

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What have you noticed about the way
 

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What have you noticed about the way
climate change denial has evolved over

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climate change denial has evolved over
 

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climate change denial has evolved over
the decades? Who's behind it? How has

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the decades? Who's behind it? How has
 

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the decades? Who's behind it? How has
the narrative changed? Has he become

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the narrative changed? Has he become
 

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the narrative changed? Has he become
more sophisticated, less sophisticated?

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more sophisticated, less sophisticated?
 

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more sophisticated, less sophisticated?
What do you think?

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What do you think?
 

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What do you think?
>> Yeah, it's interesting because um you

226
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>> Yeah, it's interesting because um you
 

227
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>> Yeah, it's interesting because um you
think it's been around for a long time,

228
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think it's been around for a long time,
 

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think it's been around for a long time,
but uh I mean this the the the

230
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but uh I mean this the the the
 

231
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but uh I mean this the the the
hypothesis has been around that carbon

232
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hypothesis has been around that carbon
 

233
00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:07,110
hypothesis has been around that carbon
dioxide affects global temperature

234
00:04:07,110 --> 00:04:07,120
dioxide affects global temperature
 

235
00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:10,229
dioxide affects global temperature
that's been around since the 1890s and

236
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that's been around since the 1890s and
 

237
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that's been around since the 1890s and
has been confirmed uh I mean the theory

238
00:04:13,030 --> 00:04:13,040
has been confirmed uh I mean the theory
 

239
00:04:13,040 --> 00:04:15,670
has been confirmed uh I mean the theory
goes back to the 1950s. It's never been

240
00:04:15,670 --> 00:04:15,680
goes back to the 1950s. It's never been
 

241
00:04:15,680 --> 00:04:17,270
goes back to the 1950s. It's never been
controversial. This is the interesting

242
00:04:17,270 --> 00:04:17,280
controversial. This is the interesting
 

243
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controversial. This is the interesting
thing. Um when I started reporting on

244
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thing. Um when I started reporting on
 

245
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thing. Um when I started reporting on
this in the late 80s, early 90s, it was

246
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this in the late 80s, early 90s, it was
 

247
00:04:22,560 --> 00:04:24,230
this in the late 80s, early 90s, it was
not a controversial thing. This was a

248
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not a controversial thing. This was a
 

249
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not a controversial thing. This was a
piece of science just like any other. Um

250
00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:27,440
piece of science just like any other. Um
 

251
00:04:27,440 --> 00:04:31,270
piece of science just like any other. Um
and I I remember I went to the Kyoto uh

252
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and I I remember I went to the Kyoto uh
 

253
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and I I remember I went to the Kyoto uh
conference in 1997. This is the famous

254
00:04:33,990 --> 00:04:34,000
conference in 1997. This is the famous
 

255
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conference in 1997. This is the famous
Kyoto protocol that was signed which is

256
00:04:35,830 --> 00:04:35,840
Kyoto protocol that was signed which is
 

257
00:04:35,840 --> 00:04:37,990
Kyoto protocol that was signed which is
the first attempt to reduce carbon

258
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the first attempt to reduce carbon
 

259
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the first attempt to reduce carbon
emissions. And um there was no

260
00:04:40,230 --> 00:04:40,240
emissions. And um there was no
 

261
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emissions. And um there was no
anti-science lobby there except there

262
00:04:43,189 --> 00:04:43,199
anti-science lobby there except there
 

263
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anti-science lobby there except there
were about two or three desks inhabited

264
00:04:45,590 --> 00:04:45,600
were about two or three desks inhabited
 

265
00:04:45,600 --> 00:04:47,749
were about two or three desks inhabited
by fossil fuel industry.

266
00:04:47,749 --> 00:04:47,759
by fossil fuel industry.
 

267
00:04:47,759 --> 00:04:49,909
by fossil fuel industry.
>> Um and they were there to put the case

268
00:04:49,909 --> 00:04:49,919
>> Um and they were there to put the case
 

269
00:04:49,919 --> 00:04:53,430
>> Um and they were there to put the case
of the oil, gas and coal to say no, we

270
00:04:53,430 --> 00:04:53,440
of the oil, gas and coal to say no, we
 

271
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of the oil, gas and coal to say no, we
don't think this is happening. Actually,

272
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don't think this is happening. Actually,
 

273
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don't think this is happening. Actually,
despite the fact that Exxon of course

274
00:04:56,310 --> 00:04:56,320
despite the fact that Exxon of course
 

275
00:04:56,320 --> 00:04:57,990
despite the fact that Exxon of course
had a secret report that said the

276
00:04:57,990 --> 00:04:58,000
had a secret report that said the
 

277
00:04:58,000 --> 00:04:59,990
had a secret report that said the
science is exactly right on this, but

278
00:04:59,990 --> 00:05:00,000
science is exactly right on this, but
 

279
00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,990
science is exactly right on this, but
they they hid that. But they their

280
00:05:01,990 --> 00:05:02,000
they they hid that. But they their
 

281
00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:04,790
they they hid that. But they their
public face was to say uh we don't think

282
00:05:04,790 --> 00:05:04,800
public face was to say uh we don't think
 

283
00:05:04,800 --> 00:05:07,350
public face was to say uh we don't think
this is going to be a problem. And um I

284
00:05:07,350 --> 00:05:07,360
this is going to be a problem. And um I
 

285
00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:09,110
this is going to be a problem. And um I
remember there was just very little

286
00:05:09,110 --> 00:05:09,120
remember there was just very little
 

287
00:05:09,120 --> 00:05:11,350
remember there was just very little
interest in in in it at the time and I I

288
00:05:11,350 --> 00:05:11,360
interest in in in it at the time and I I
 

289
00:05:11,360 --> 00:05:12,950
interest in in in it at the time and I I
went over to them and chatted with them

290
00:05:12,950 --> 00:05:12,960
went over to them and chatted with them
 

291
00:05:12,960 --> 00:05:14,710
went over to them and chatted with them
and joked that you guys are looking

292
00:05:14,710 --> 00:05:14,720
and joked that you guys are looking
 

293
00:05:14,720 --> 00:05:16,950
and joked that you guys are looking
rather lonely over here. Now you fast

294
00:05:16,950 --> 00:05:16,960
rather lonely over here. Now you fast
 

295
00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:19,670
rather lonely over here. Now you fast
forward to today it's a huge industry

296
00:05:19,670 --> 00:05:19,680
forward to today it's a huge industry
 

297
00:05:19,680 --> 00:05:21,749
forward to today it's a huge industry
now isn't it? And I think uh the

298
00:05:21,749 --> 00:05:21,759
now isn't it? And I think uh the
 

299
00:05:21,759 --> 00:05:23,029
now isn't it? And I think uh the
arguments have definitely changed

300
00:05:23,029 --> 00:05:23,039
arguments have definitely changed
 

301
00:05:23,039 --> 00:05:25,749
arguments have definitely changed
because in the '9s the best they could

302
00:05:25,749 --> 00:05:25,759
because in the '9s the best they could
 

303
00:05:25,759 --> 00:05:27,590
because in the '9s the best they could
come up with is well we're not seeing

304
00:05:27,590 --> 00:05:27,600
come up with is well we're not seeing
 

305
00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:29,590
come up with is well we're not seeing
any warming at the moment so probably

306
00:05:29,590 --> 00:05:29,600
any warming at the moment so probably
 

307
00:05:29,600 --> 00:05:32,070
any warming at the moment so probably
the scientists have got this wrong. when

308
00:05:32,070 --> 00:05:32,080
the scientists have got this wrong. when
 

309
00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:34,469
the scientists have got this wrong. when
there was warming the argument changed

310
00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:34,479
there was warming the argument changed
 

311
00:05:34,479 --> 00:05:37,510
there was warming the argument changed
to okay it must be the sun uh and then

312
00:05:37,510 --> 00:05:37,520
to okay it must be the sun uh and then
 

313
00:05:37,520 --> 00:05:39,350
to okay it must be the sun uh and then
when it was clear that the sun was not

314
00:05:39,350 --> 00:05:39,360
when it was clear that the sun was not
 

315
00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:41,350
when it was clear that the sun was not
responsible because we can measure solar

316
00:05:41,350 --> 00:05:41,360
responsible because we can measure solar
 

317
00:05:41,360 --> 00:05:45,670
responsible because we can measure solar
output um then that changed to um okay

318
00:05:45,670 --> 00:05:45,680
output um then that changed to um okay
 

319
00:05:45,680 --> 00:05:47,990
output um then that changed to um okay
it might be carbon dioxide but the earth

320
00:05:47,990 --> 00:05:48,000
it might be carbon dioxide but the earth
 

321
00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:50,230
it might be carbon dioxide but the earth
has this wonderful self-regulating

322
00:05:50,230 --> 00:05:50,240
has this wonderful self-regulating
 

323
00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:52,230
has this wonderful self-regulating
mechanism the clouds are going to

324
00:05:52,230 --> 00:05:52,240
mechanism the clouds are going to
 

325
00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:53,830
mechanism the clouds are going to
increase and it's going to cool us down

326
00:05:53,830 --> 00:05:53,840
increase and it's going to cool us down
 

327
00:05:53,840 --> 00:05:54,710
increase and it's going to cool us down
again

328
00:05:54,710 --> 00:05:54,720
again
 

329
00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:56,230
again
>> and when that was clear that global

330
00:05:56,230 --> 00:05:56,240
>> and when that was clear that global
 

331
00:05:56,240 --> 00:05:58,230
>> and when that was clear that global
warming was still continuing every

332
00:05:58,230 --> 00:05:58,240
warming was still continuing every
 

333
00:05:58,240 --> 00:05:59,749
warming was still continuing every
effort they've made to say well it

334
00:05:59,749 --> 00:05:59,759
effort they've made to say well it
 

335
00:05:59,759 --> 00:06:01,990
effort they've made to say well it
stopped now or it's going to stop and

336
00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:02,000
stopped now or it's going to stop and
 

337
00:06:02,000 --> 00:06:03,830
stopped now or it's going to stop and
those have been overturned by events

338
00:06:03,830 --> 00:06:03,840
those have been overturned by events
 

339
00:06:03,840 --> 00:06:06,870
those have been overturned by events
that the warming has continued and um

340
00:06:06,870 --> 00:06:06,880
that the warming has continued and um
 

341
00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:09,590
that the warming has continued and um
then we began to get okay there's going

342
00:06:09,590 --> 00:06:09,600
then we began to get okay there's going
 

343
00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:11,350
then we began to get okay there's going
to be more carbon dioxide but it's a

344
00:06:11,350 --> 00:06:11,360
to be more carbon dioxide but it's a
 

345
00:06:11,360 --> 00:06:14,390
to be more carbon dioxide but it's a
good thing right and warmer world is a

346
00:06:14,390 --> 00:06:14,400
good thing right and warmer world is a
 

347
00:06:14,400 --> 00:06:16,950
good thing right and warmer world is a
good thing greener warmer is good for us

348
00:06:16,950 --> 00:06:16,960
good thing greener warmer is good for us
 

349
00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:19,189
good thing greener warmer is good for us
when that's now becoming clear that

350
00:06:19,189 --> 00:06:19,199
when that's now becoming clear that
 

351
00:06:19,199 --> 00:06:20,790
when that's now becoming clear that
that's not the case and I can give a

352
00:06:20,790 --> 00:06:20,800
that's not the case and I can give a
 

353
00:06:20,800 --> 00:06:22,469
that's not the case and I can give a
number of reasons why but won't go into

354
00:06:22,469 --> 00:06:22,479
number of reasons why but won't go into
 

355
00:06:22,479 --> 00:06:24,550
number of reasons why but won't go into
those now but it's becoming clear that

356
00:06:24,550 --> 00:06:24,560
those now but it's becoming clear that
 

357
00:06:24,560 --> 00:06:26,070
those now but it's becoming clear that
that's not the case and they've shifted

358
00:06:26,070 --> 00:06:26,080
that's not the case and they've shifted
 

359
00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:28,230
that's not the case and they've shifted
the argument now to well we can adapt

360
00:06:28,230 --> 00:06:28,240
the argument now to well we can adapt
 

361
00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:30,550
the argument now to well we can adapt
and this seems to be the latest one and

362
00:06:30,550 --> 00:06:30,560
and this seems to be the latest one and
 

363
00:06:30,560 --> 00:06:32,550
and this seems to be the latest one and
My bet, Dave, is the next one down the

364
00:06:32,550 --> 00:06:32,560
My bet, Dave, is the next one down the
 

365
00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:35,350
My bet, Dave, is the next one down the
road is going to be uh well, yeah, we

366
00:06:35,350 --> 00:06:35,360
road is going to be uh well, yeah, we
 

367
00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:36,790
road is going to be uh well, yeah, we
should have done something 40 years ago.

368
00:06:36,790 --> 00:06:36,800
should have done something 40 years ago.
 

369
00:06:36,800 --> 00:06:37,510
should have done something 40 years ago.
It's too late now.

370
00:06:37,510 --> 00:06:37,520
It's too late now.
 

371
00:06:37,520 --> 00:06:38,710
It's too late now.
>> Too late. Yeah.

372
00:06:38,710 --> 00:06:38,720
>> Too late. Yeah.
 

373
00:06:38,720 --> 00:06:41,590
>> Too late. Yeah.
>> And the thing is, you can't stop the

374
00:06:41,590 --> 00:06:41,600
>> And the thing is, you can't stop the
 

375
00:06:41,600 --> 00:06:43,590
>> And the thing is, you can't stop the
progress of science. Science will always

376
00:06:43,590 --> 00:06:43,600
progress of science. Science will always
 

377
00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:46,070
progress of science. Science will always
advance. Yeah. And and our understanding

378
00:06:46,070 --> 00:06:46,080
advance. Yeah. And and our understanding
 

379
00:06:46,080 --> 00:06:48,230
advance. Yeah. And and our understanding
of this has not changed and and it's

380
00:06:48,230 --> 00:06:48,240
of this has not changed and and it's
 

381
00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:51,110
of this has not changed and and it's
advanced, confirmed what was said in the

382
00:06:51,110 --> 00:06:51,120
advanced, confirmed what was said in the
 

383
00:06:51,120 --> 00:06:54,150
advanced, confirmed what was said in the
1950s, ever since. They can't stop that.

384
00:06:54,150 --> 00:06:54,160
1950s, ever since. They can't stop that.
 

385
00:06:54,160 --> 00:06:56,070
1950s, ever since. They can't stop that.
The best they can do is to put

386
00:06:56,070 --> 00:06:56,080
The best they can do is to put
 

387
00:06:56,080 --> 00:06:58,309
The best they can do is to put
roadblocks in the way to try to slow it

388
00:06:58,309 --> 00:06:58,319
roadblocks in the way to try to slow it
 

389
00:06:58,319 --> 00:07:00,629
roadblocks in the way to try to slow it
down to create doubt. And I think that's

390
00:07:00,629 --> 00:07:00,639
down to create doubt. And I think that's
 

391
00:07:00,639 --> 00:07:02,469
down to create doubt. And I think that's
what uh really has been happening.

392
00:07:02,469 --> 00:07:02,479
what uh really has been happening.
 

393
00:07:02,479 --> 00:07:04,230
what uh really has been happening.
>> Yeah. Yeah. The evolution is clearly

394
00:07:04,230 --> 00:07:04,240
>> Yeah. Yeah. The evolution is clearly
 

395
00:07:04,240 --> 00:07:06,710
>> Yeah. Yeah. The evolution is clearly
from it's not happening to okay, it is

396
00:07:06,710 --> 00:07:06,720
from it's not happening to okay, it is
 

397
00:07:06,720 --> 00:07:08,950
from it's not happening to okay, it is
happening but it's good to oh it is

398
00:07:08,950 --> 00:07:08,960
happening but it's good to oh it is
 

399
00:07:08,960 --> 00:07:10,150
happening but it's good to oh it is
happening but it's not as bad as you

400
00:07:10,150 --> 00:07:10,160
happening but it's not as bad as you
 

401
00:07:10,160 --> 00:07:14,230
happening but it's not as bad as you
think to oh well who cares. It's like

402
00:07:14,230 --> 00:07:14,240
think to oh well who cares. It's like
 

403
00:07:14,240 --> 00:07:16,629
think to oh well who cares. It's like
>> that's kind of it and all stops in

404
00:07:16,629 --> 00:07:16,639
>> that's kind of it and all stops in
 

405
00:07:16,639 --> 00:07:17,990
>> that's kind of it and all stops in
between because you'll still get people

406
00:07:17,990 --> 00:07:18,000
between because you'll still get people
 

407
00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:19,670
between because you'll still get people
who think it's the sun. You'll still get

408
00:07:19,670 --> 00:07:19,680
who think it's the sun. You'll still get
 

409
00:07:19,680 --> 00:07:21,749
who think it's the sun. You'll still get
people who say it's not warming.

410
00:07:21,749 --> 00:07:21,759
people who say it's not warming.
 

411
00:07:21,759 --> 00:07:24,870
people who say it's not warming.
>> There's so much disagreement among the

412
00:07:24,870 --> 00:07:24,880
>> There's so much disagreement among the
 

413
00:07:24,880 --> 00:07:27,670
>> There's so much disagreement among the
critics of climate science about what

414
00:07:27,670 --> 00:07:27,680
critics of climate science about what
 

415
00:07:27,680 --> 00:07:29,670
critics of climate science about what
you know argument to use. which should

416
00:07:29,670 --> 00:07:29,680
you know argument to use. which should
 

417
00:07:29,680 --> 00:07:31,510
you know argument to use. which should
be an enormous red flag, right? Because

418
00:07:31,510 --> 00:07:31,520
be an enormous red flag, right? Because
 

419
00:07:31,520 --> 00:07:33,189
be an enormous red flag, right? Because
the the climate scientists are in

420
00:07:33,189 --> 00:07:33,199
the the climate scientists are in
 

421
00:07:33,199 --> 00:07:35,350
the the climate scientists are in
complete agreement with the data and and

422
00:07:35,350 --> 00:07:35,360
complete agreement with the data and and
 

423
00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:37,029
complete agreement with the data and and
the predictions and just like look, this

424
00:07:37,029 --> 00:07:37,039
the predictions and just like look, this
 

425
00:07:37,039 --> 00:07:39,510
the predictions and just like look, this
is, you know, we've had 1.5 degrees of

426
00:07:39,510 --> 00:07:39,520
is, you know, we've had 1.5 degrees of
 

427
00:07:39,520 --> 00:07:41,189
is, you know, we've had 1.5 degrees of
warming since pre-industrial, another

428
00:07:41,189 --> 00:07:41,199
warming since pre-industrial, another
 

429
00:07:41,199 --> 00:07:42,950
warming since pre-industrial, another
half a degree, and we're screwed, right?

430
00:07:42,950 --> 00:07:42,960
half a degree, and we're screwed, right?
 

431
00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:44,550
half a degree, and we're screwed, right?
And it's going to happen in this amount

432
00:07:44,550 --> 00:07:44,560
And it's going to happen in this amount
 

433
00:07:44,560 --> 00:07:46,150
And it's going to happen in this amount
of time, probably 20 years or whatever

434
00:07:46,150 --> 00:07:46,160
of time, probably 20 years or whatever
 

435
00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:48,950
of time, probably 20 years or whatever
it is. And uh yeah, I've become familiar

436
00:07:48,950 --> 00:07:48,960
it is. And uh yeah, I've become familiar
 

437
00:07:48,960 --> 00:07:50,469
it is. And uh yeah, I've become familiar
with a lot of this through debunking

438
00:07:50,469 --> 00:07:50,479
with a lot of this through debunking
 

439
00:07:50,479 --> 00:07:51,749
with a lot of this through debunking
Matt Ridley, who I'm sure you were

440
00:07:51,749 --> 00:07:51,759
Matt Ridley, who I'm sure you were
 

441
00:07:51,759 --> 00:07:53,270
Matt Ridley, who I'm sure you were
familiar with, this whole the

442
00:07:53,270 --> 00:07:53,280
familiar with, this whole the
 

443
00:07:53,280 --> 00:07:57,670
familiar with, this whole the
lukewarmism uh uh thing. And um so yeah

444
00:07:57,670 --> 00:07:57,680
lukewarmism uh uh thing. And um so yeah
 

445
00:07:57,680 --> 00:07:59,990
lukewarmism uh uh thing. And um so yeah
so I I think what we should do here this

446
00:07:59,990 --> 00:08:00,000
so I I think what we should do here this
 

447
00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:01,589
so I I think what we should do here this
is very interesting right because as you

448
00:08:01,589 --> 00:08:01,599
is very interesting right because as you
 

449
00:08:01,599 --> 00:08:04,469
is very interesting right because as you
said there are these so many different

450
00:08:04,469 --> 00:08:04,479
said there are these so many different
 

451
00:08:04,479 --> 00:08:06,070
said there are these so many different
narratives and different approaches to

452
00:08:06,070 --> 00:08:06,080
narratives and different approaches to
 

453
00:08:06,080 --> 00:08:07,830
narratives and different approaches to
climate change and now let's kind of go

454
00:08:07,830 --> 00:08:07,840
climate change and now let's kind of go
 

455
00:08:07,840 --> 00:08:09,670
climate change and now let's kind of go
through some of them and just talk about

456
00:08:09,670 --> 00:08:09,680
through some of them and just talk about
 

457
00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:12,550
through some of them and just talk about
what people say and and just kind of arm

458
00:08:12,550 --> 00:08:12,560
what people say and and just kind of arm
 

459
00:08:12,560 --> 00:08:14,550
what people say and and just kind of arm
the viewer with like you know this is if

460
00:08:14,550 --> 00:08:14,560
the viewer with like you know this is if
 

461
00:08:14,560 --> 00:08:16,710
the viewer with like you know this is if
someone says this to you this is how you

462
00:08:16,710 --> 00:08:16,720
someone says this to you this is how you
 

463
00:08:16,720 --> 00:08:18,710
someone says this to you this is how you
debunk this right so like for example

464
00:08:18,710 --> 00:08:18,720
debunk this right so like for example
 

465
00:08:18,720 --> 00:08:21,270
debunk this right so like for example
first of all they'll a lot of them will

466
00:08:21,270 --> 00:08:21,280
first of all they'll a lot of them will
 

467
00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,110
first of all they'll a lot of them will
say like climate change whatever the

468
00:08:23,110 --> 00:08:23,120
say like climate change whatever the
 

469
00:08:23,120 --> 00:08:24,869
say like climate change whatever the
climate's always changing like it's just

470
00:08:24,869 --> 00:08:24,879
climate's always changing like it's just
 

471
00:08:24,879 --> 00:08:26,790
climate's always changing like it's just
all throughout geological history, the

472
00:08:26,790 --> 00:08:26,800
all throughout geological history, the
 

473
00:08:26,800 --> 00:08:28,230
all throughout geological history, the
climate's changing all over the place

474
00:08:28,230 --> 00:08:28,240
climate's changing all over the place
 

475
00:08:28,240 --> 00:08:29,830
climate's changing all over the place
and they'll be like, "Oh, Malinkovich

476
00:08:29,830 --> 00:08:29,840
and they'll be like, "Oh, Malinkovich
 

477
00:08:29,840 --> 00:08:31,110
and they'll be like, "Oh, Malinkovich
cycles and blah blah blah blah blah

478
00:08:31,110 --> 00:08:31,120
cycles and blah blah blah blah blah
 

479
00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:32,389
cycles and blah blah blah blah blah
blah." So, why do you what do you why do

480
00:08:32,389 --> 00:08:32,399
blah." So, why do you what do you why do
 

481
00:08:32,399 --> 00:08:33,750
blah." So, why do you what do you why do
you care that the climate is changing?

482
00:08:33,750 --> 00:08:33,760
you care that the climate is changing?
 

483
00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:35,190
you care that the climate is changing?
It's supposed to do that.

484
00:08:35,190 --> 00:08:35,200
It's supposed to do that.
 

485
00:08:35,200 --> 00:08:37,829
It's supposed to do that.
>> What do you say to that?

486
00:08:37,829 --> 00:08:37,839
>> What do you say to that?
 

487
00:08:37,839 --> 00:08:39,509
>> What do you say to that?
>> That's one of the first questions I hear

488
00:08:39,509 --> 00:08:39,519
>> That's one of the first questions I hear
 

489
00:08:39,519 --> 00:08:41,029
>> That's one of the first questions I hear
and and the reason I love it is my

490
00:08:41,029 --> 00:08:41,039
and and the reason I love it is my
 

491
00:08:41,039 --> 00:08:42,630
and and the reason I love it is my
background is in geology. I was actually

492
00:08:42,630 --> 00:08:42,640
background is in geology. I was actually
 

493
00:08:42,640 --> 00:08:44,949
background is in geology. I was actually
a geologist for a couple of years before

494
00:08:44,949 --> 00:08:44,959
a geologist for a couple of years before
 

495
00:08:44,959 --> 00:08:46,310
a geologist for a couple of years before
becoming a journalist. So, I had a

496
00:08:46,310 --> 00:08:46,320
becoming a journalist. So, I had a
 

497
00:08:46,320 --> 00:08:48,630
becoming a journalist. So, I had a
degree in geology. Um, let let me just

498
00:08:48,630 --> 00:08:48,640
degree in geology. Um, let let me just
 

499
00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:50,710
degree in geology. Um, let let me just
start by saying you have to understand

500
00:08:50,710 --> 00:08:50,720
start by saying you have to understand
 

501
00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:52,389
start by saying you have to understand
the person that's making these

502
00:08:52,389 --> 00:08:52,399
the person that's making these
 

503
00:08:52,399 --> 00:08:54,070
the person that's making these
arguments. And I'm sure we're all

504
00:08:54,070 --> 00:08:54,080
arguments. And I'm sure we're all
 

505
00:08:54,080 --> 00:08:56,310
arguments. And I'm sure we're all
familiar with the crazy uncle at

506
00:08:56,310 --> 00:08:56,320
familiar with the crazy uncle at
 

507
00:08:56,320 --> 00:08:58,710
familiar with the crazy uncle at
Thanksgiving who then spouts what he's

508
00:08:58,710 --> 00:08:58,720
Thanksgiving who then spouts what he's
 

509
00:08:58,720 --> 00:09:00,949
Thanksgiving who then spouts what he's
learned over the last year about uh

510
00:09:00,949 --> 00:09:00,959
learned over the last year about uh
 

511
00:09:00,959 --> 00:09:02,949
learned over the last year about uh
climate change on the internet and and

512
00:09:02,949 --> 00:09:02,959
climate change on the internet and and
 

513
00:09:02,959 --> 00:09:04,630
climate change on the internet and and
someone at work who's the conspiracy

514
00:09:04,630 --> 00:09:04,640
someone at work who's the conspiracy
 

515
00:09:04,640 --> 00:09:06,870
someone at work who's the conspiracy
theorist. They'll always try and corner

516
00:09:06,870 --> 00:09:06,880
theorist. They'll always try and corner
 

517
00:09:06,880 --> 00:09:08,710
theorist. They'll always try and corner
you with the latest ideas and latest

518
00:09:08,710 --> 00:09:08,720
you with the latest ideas and latest
 

519
00:09:08,720 --> 00:09:10,949
you with the latest ideas and latest
theories. It's very tempting to just

520
00:09:10,949 --> 00:09:10,959
theories. It's very tempting to just
 

521
00:09:10,959 --> 00:09:13,509
theories. It's very tempting to just
lecture them and tell them, you know,

522
00:09:13,509 --> 00:09:13,519
lecture them and tell them, you know,
 

523
00:09:13,519 --> 00:09:16,070
lecture them and tell them, you know,
no, that's not the case. Blah blah.

524
00:09:16,070 --> 00:09:16,080
no, that's not the case. Blah blah.
 

525
00:09:16,080 --> 00:09:18,230
no, that's not the case. Blah blah.
>> Remember that these guys think they are

526
00:09:18,230 --> 00:09:18,240
>> Remember that these guys think they are
 

527
00:09:18,240 --> 00:09:20,230
>> Remember that these guys think they are
absolutely brilliant. It's not just that

528
00:09:20,230 --> 00:09:20,240
absolutely brilliant. It's not just that
 

529
00:09:20,240 --> 00:09:22,389
absolutely brilliant. It's not just that
they are as smart as the scientists.

530
00:09:22,389 --> 00:09:22,399
they are as smart as the scientists.
 

531
00:09:22,399 --> 00:09:24,070
they are as smart as the scientists.
They never studied science. They never

532
00:09:24,070 --> 00:09:24,080
They never studied science. They never
 

533
00:09:24,080 --> 00:09:26,230
They never studied science. They never
went to university to do science. They

534
00:09:26,230 --> 00:09:26,240
went to university to do science. They
 

535
00:09:26,240 --> 00:09:28,230
went to university to do science. They
are beyond that. They are so much

536
00:09:28,230 --> 00:09:28,240
are beyond that. They are so much
 

537
00:09:28,240 --> 00:09:29,590
are beyond that. They are so much
smarter than scientists. They've

538
00:09:29,590 --> 00:09:29,600
smarter than scientists. They've
 

539
00:09:29,600 --> 00:09:32,630
smarter than scientists. They've
actually leapfrogged leaprogged over the

540
00:09:32,630 --> 00:09:32,640
actually leapfrogged leaprogged over the
 

541
00:09:32,640 --> 00:09:34,870
actually leapfrogged leaprogged over the
university system and now they're far

542
00:09:34,870 --> 00:09:34,880
university system and now they're far
 

543
00:09:34,880 --> 00:09:36,949
university system and now they're far
advanced in their understanding and left

544
00:09:36,949 --> 00:09:36,959
advanced in their understanding and left
 

545
00:09:36,959 --> 00:09:39,190
advanced in their understanding and left
all those book learners behind them. So

546
00:09:39,190 --> 00:09:39,200
all those book learners behind them. So
 

547
00:09:39,200 --> 00:09:40,790
all those book learners behind them. So
you need to play to their strengths

548
00:09:40,790 --> 00:09:40,800
you need to play to their strengths
 

549
00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:42,870
you need to play to their strengths
because uh to to your strengths and

550
00:09:42,870 --> 00:09:42,880
because uh to to your strengths and
 

551
00:09:42,880 --> 00:09:45,509
because uh to to your strengths and
their and make that their weakness. And

552
00:09:45,509 --> 00:09:45,519
their and make that their weakness. And
 

553
00:09:45,519 --> 00:09:48,470
their and make that their weakness. And
I when I was a um interviewing

554
00:09:48,470 --> 00:09:48,480
I when I was a um interviewing
 

555
00:09:48,480 --> 00:09:50,389
I when I was a um interviewing
government officials or politicians and

556
00:09:50,389 --> 00:09:50,399
government officials or politicians and
 

557
00:09:50,399 --> 00:09:52,150
government officials or politicians and
so on as a journalist, it's very

558
00:09:52,150 --> 00:09:52,160
so on as a journalist, it's very
 

559
00:09:52,160 --> 00:09:54,070
so on as a journalist, it's very
tempting to go in pretending you know it

560
00:09:54,070 --> 00:09:54,080
tempting to go in pretending you know it
 

561
00:09:54,080 --> 00:09:56,470
tempting to go in pretending you know it
all, but that puts them on their guard.

562
00:09:56,470 --> 00:09:56,480
all, but that puts them on their guard.
 

563
00:09:56,480 --> 00:09:58,630
all, but that puts them on their guard.
>> What you have to do is what I call the

564
00:09:58,630 --> 00:09:58,640
>> What you have to do is what I call the
 

565
00:09:58,640 --> 00:10:00,150
>> What you have to do is what I call the
Columbbo principle. And I don't know if

566
00:10:00,150 --> 00:10:00,160
Columbbo principle. And I don't know if
 

567
00:10:00,160 --> 00:10:02,310
Columbbo principle. And I don't know if
you remember Columbbo from the 1960s and

568
00:10:02,310 --> 00:10:02,320
you remember Columbbo from the 1960s and
 

569
00:10:02,320 --> 00:10:06,310
you remember Columbbo from the 1960s and
70s. Yeah. Peter Peter reruns of this.

570
00:10:06,310 --> 00:10:06,320
70s. Yeah. Peter Peter reruns of this.
 

571
00:10:06,320 --> 00:10:09,269
70s. Yeah. Peter Peter reruns of this.
And Columbbo was this shabby

572
00:10:09,269 --> 00:10:09,279
And Columbbo was this shabby
 

573
00:10:09,279 --> 00:10:11,190
And Columbbo was this shabby
um detective who looked completely

574
00:10:11,190 --> 00:10:11,200
um detective who looked completely
 

575
00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:12,550
um detective who looked completely
stupid and looked like he didn't know

576
00:10:12,550 --> 00:10:12,560
stupid and looked like he didn't know
 

577
00:10:12,560 --> 00:10:13,829
stupid and looked like he didn't know
what he was doing. Yeah.

578
00:10:13,829 --> 00:10:13,839
what he was doing. Yeah.
 

579
00:10:13,839 --> 00:10:16,550
what he was doing. Yeah.
>> And that always leads people into lulls

580
00:10:16,550 --> 00:10:16,560
>> And that always leads people into lulls
 

581
00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:17,430
>> And that always leads people into lulls
them into a false

582
00:10:17,430 --> 00:10:17,440
them into a false
 

583
00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:18,949
them into a false
>> sense of security. Yeah.

584
00:10:18,949 --> 00:10:18,959
>> sense of security. Yeah.
 

585
00:10:18,959 --> 00:10:20,630
>> sense of security. Yeah.
>> So what I would do at an interview is

586
00:10:20,630 --> 00:10:20,640
>> So what I would do at an interview is
 

587
00:10:20,640 --> 00:10:22,150
>> So what I would do at an interview is
I'd shuffle the papers around. I'd

588
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:22,160
I'd shuffle the papers around. I'd
 

589
00:10:22,160 --> 00:10:24,550
I'd shuffle the papers around. I'd
forget my batteries. I'd say, "Oh, I had

590
00:10:24,550 --> 00:10:24,560
forget my batteries. I'd say, "Oh, I had
 

591
00:10:24,560 --> 00:10:25,990
forget my batteries. I'd say, "Oh, I had
my questions here. I don't know where

592
00:10:25,990 --> 00:10:26,000
my questions here. I don't know where
 

593
00:10:26,000 --> 00:10:27,910
my questions here. I don't know where
they are now. I must have left them at

594
00:10:27,910 --> 00:10:27,920
they are now. I must have left them at
 

595
00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:29,670
they are now. I must have left them at
home." And immediately they start

596
00:10:29,670 --> 00:10:29,680
home." And immediately they start
 

597
00:10:29,680 --> 00:10:31,829
home." And immediately they start
thinking, "We're dealing with an idiot.

598
00:10:31,829 --> 00:10:31,839
thinking, "We're dealing with an idiot.
 

599
00:10:31,839 --> 00:10:33,750
thinking, "We're dealing with an idiot.
I don't have to worry about this." Yeah.

600
00:10:33,750 --> 00:10:33,760
I don't have to worry about this." Yeah.
 

601
00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:35,430
I don't have to worry about this." Yeah.
>> And the first questions that come out

602
00:10:35,430 --> 00:10:35,440
>> And the first questions that come out
 

603
00:10:35,440 --> 00:10:37,430
>> And the first questions that come out
should be softball questions. Just make

604
00:10:37,430 --> 00:10:37,440
should be softball questions. Just make
 

605
00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:39,269
should be softball questions. Just make
it as though you know nothing about this

606
00:10:39,269 --> 00:10:39,279
it as though you know nothing about this
 

607
00:10:39,279 --> 00:10:42,069
it as though you know nothing about this
subject. make it that they are the the

608
00:10:42,069 --> 00:10:42,079
subject. make it that they are the the
 

609
00:10:42,079 --> 00:10:44,389
subject. make it that they are the the
clever one, the the the crazy uncle at

610
00:10:44,389 --> 00:10:44,399
clever one, the the the crazy uncle at
 

611
00:10:44,399 --> 00:10:46,150
clever one, the the the crazy uncle at
Thanksgiving or the conspiracy theorist

612
00:10:46,150 --> 00:10:46,160
Thanksgiving or the conspiracy theorist
 

613
00:10:46,160 --> 00:10:48,230
Thanksgiving or the conspiracy theorist
at work. They are the ones who know

614
00:10:48,230 --> 00:10:48,240
at work. They are the ones who know
 

615
00:10:48,240 --> 00:10:49,590
at work. They are the ones who know
everything and you are there to learn

616
00:10:49,590 --> 00:10:49,600
everything and you are there to learn
 

617
00:10:49,600 --> 00:10:50,550
everything and you are there to learn
from them.

618
00:10:50,550 --> 00:10:50,560
from them.
 

619
00:10:50,560 --> 00:10:53,190
from them.
>> So immediately, let's go back to the

620
00:10:53,190 --> 00:10:53,200
>> So immediately, let's go back to the
 

621
00:10:53,200 --> 00:10:55,030
>> So immediately, let's go back to the
question you asked. The climate always

622
00:10:55,030 --> 00:10:55,040
question you asked. The climate always
 

623
00:10:55,040 --> 00:10:57,350
question you asked. The climate always
changes. Don't immediately say, "Yes,

624
00:10:57,350 --> 00:10:57,360
changes. Don't immediately say, "Yes,
 

625
00:10:57,360 --> 00:10:59,110
changes. Don't immediately say, "Yes,
but it's always changed, but this time

626
00:10:59,110 --> 00:10:59,120
but it's always changed, but this time
 

627
00:10:59,120 --> 00:11:01,269
but it's always changed, but this time
we're the ones doing it and uh it's

628
00:11:01,269 --> 00:11:01,279
we're the ones doing it and uh it's
 

629
00:11:01,279 --> 00:11:02,790
we're the ones doing it and uh it's
humans that are causing it and we're all

630
00:11:02,790 --> 00:11:02,800
humans that are causing it and we're all
 

631
00:11:02,800 --> 00:11:04,710
humans that are causing it and we're all
in trouble." They're not bothered about

632
00:11:04,710 --> 00:11:04,720
in trouble." They're not bothered about
 

633
00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:07,110
in trouble." They're not bothered about
that. They're not listening to that. Um

634
00:11:07,110 --> 00:11:07,120
that. They're not listening to that. Um
 

635
00:11:07,120 --> 00:11:08,790
that. They're not listening to that. Um
it confirms in their mind that you're an

636
00:11:08,790 --> 00:11:08,800
it confirms in their mind that you're an
 

637
00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:11,030
it confirms in their mind that you're an
idiot. What you need to do is treat them

638
00:11:11,030 --> 00:11:11,040
idiot. What you need to do is treat them
 

639
00:11:11,040 --> 00:11:13,110
idiot. What you need to do is treat them
like the guru they think they are and

640
00:11:13,110 --> 00:11:13,120
like the guru they think they are and
 

641
00:11:13,120 --> 00:11:14,310
like the guru they think they are and
say, "Yeah, that's interesting.

642
00:11:14,310 --> 00:11:14,320
say, "Yeah, that's interesting.
 

643
00:11:14,320 --> 00:11:15,750
say, "Yeah, that's interesting.
Actually, the climate does always

644
00:11:15,750 --> 00:11:15,760
Actually, the climate does always
 

645
00:11:15,760 --> 00:11:18,470
Actually, the climate does always
change." And it's true, it's changed

646
00:11:18,470 --> 00:11:18,480
change." And it's true, it's changed
 

647
00:11:18,480 --> 00:11:20,069
change." And it's true, it's changed
throughout geological history, hasn't

648
00:11:20,069 --> 00:11:20,079
throughout geological history, hasn't
 

649
00:11:20,079 --> 00:11:23,590
throughout geological history, hasn't
it? So why is that? And they will start

650
00:11:23,590 --> 00:11:23,600
it? So why is that? And they will start
 

651
00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:25,190
it? So why is that? And they will start
then you've got to feed them a bit of

652
00:11:25,190 --> 00:11:25,200
then you've got to feed them a bit of
 

653
00:11:25,200 --> 00:11:27,910
then you've got to feed them a bit of
rope. Let them come out with all their

654
00:11:27,910 --> 00:11:27,920
rope. Let them come out with all their
 

655
00:11:27,920 --> 00:11:30,069
rope. Let them come out with all their
theories about why this happens.

656
00:11:30,069 --> 00:11:30,079
theories about why this happens.
 

657
00:11:30,079 --> 00:11:32,470
theories about why this happens.
>> But familiarize yourself with the

658
00:11:32,470 --> 00:11:32,480
>> But familiarize yourself with the
 

659
00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:35,350
>> But familiarize yourself with the
reasons. And now I'm just going to very

660
00:11:35,350 --> 00:11:35,360
reasons. And now I'm just going to very
 

661
00:11:35,360 --> 00:11:38,150
reasons. And now I'm just going to very
briefly um give my geological spiel here

662
00:11:38,150 --> 00:11:38,160
briefly um give my geological spiel here
 

663
00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:40,069
briefly um give my geological spiel here
because it's important that people do

664
00:11:40,069 --> 00:11:40,079
because it's important that people do
 

665
00:11:40,079 --> 00:11:41,750
because it's important that people do
understand the reasons so that they can

666
00:11:41,750 --> 00:11:41,760
understand the reasons so that they can
 

667
00:11:41,760 --> 00:11:45,590
understand the reasons so that they can
use this as as ammunition. The the

668
00:11:45,590 --> 00:11:45,600
use this as as ammunition. The the
 

669
00:11:45,600 --> 00:11:47,350
use this as as ammunition. The the
history of the earth over the last 500

670
00:11:47,350 --> 00:11:47,360
history of the earth over the last 500
 

671
00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:49,110
history of the earth over the last 500
million years the phenoroic which was

672
00:11:49,110 --> 00:11:49,120
million years the phenoroic which was
 

673
00:11:49,120 --> 00:11:51,350
million years the phenoroic which was
when we've got a basically good uh

674
00:11:51,350 --> 00:11:51,360
when we've got a basically good uh
 

675
00:11:51,360 --> 00:11:53,590
when we've got a basically good uh
geological record. Prior to that it's a

676
00:11:53,590 --> 00:11:53,600
geological record. Prior to that it's a
 

677
00:11:53,600 --> 00:11:57,430
geological record. Prior to that it's a
bit more cloudy. Um, we've seen uh

678
00:11:57,430 --> 00:11:57,440
bit more cloudy. Um, we've seen uh
 

679
00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:01,590
bit more cloudy. Um, we've seen uh
carbon dioxide levels uh from the uh

680
00:12:01,590 --> 00:12:01,600
carbon dioxide levels uh from the uh
 

681
00:12:01,600 --> 00:12:04,790
carbon dioxide levels uh from the uh
Cambrian uh fall over the last 500

682
00:12:04,790 --> 00:12:04,800
Cambrian uh fall over the last 500
 

683
00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:08,550
Cambrian uh fall over the last 500
million years. And they will always say

684
00:12:08,550 --> 00:12:08,560
million years. And they will always say
 

685
00:12:08,560 --> 00:12:10,629
million years. And they will always say
uh it's the sun that does it or it's

686
00:12:10,629 --> 00:12:10,639
uh it's the sun that does it or it's
 

687
00:12:10,639 --> 00:12:12,949
uh it's the sun that does it or it's
galactic rays that that are causing it.

688
00:12:12,949 --> 00:12:12,959
galactic rays that that are causing it.
 

689
00:12:12,959 --> 00:12:15,509
galactic rays that that are causing it.
They won't blame carbon dioxide. It's

690
00:12:15,509 --> 00:12:15,519
They won't blame carbon dioxide. It's
 

691
00:12:15,519 --> 00:12:17,509
They won't blame carbon dioxide. It's
what I call the ABCD. Anything but

692
00:12:17,509 --> 00:12:17,519
what I call the ABCD. Anything but
 

693
00:12:17,519 --> 00:12:19,110
what I call the ABCD. Anything but
carbon dioxide. They'll find all kinds

694
00:12:19,110 --> 00:12:19,120
carbon dioxide. They'll find all kinds
 

695
00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:21,190
carbon dioxide. They'll find all kinds
of other reasons and each one you have

696
00:12:21,190 --> 00:12:21,200
of other reasons and each one you have
 

697
00:12:21,200 --> 00:12:23,110
of other reasons and each one you have
to explain, no, it can't be that. So

698
00:12:23,110 --> 00:12:23,120
to explain, no, it can't be that. So
 

699
00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:24,870
to explain, no, it can't be that. So
they'll try and use the argument that

700
00:12:24,870 --> 00:12:24,880
they'll try and use the argument that
 

701
00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:26,470
they'll try and use the argument that
it's the sun.

702
00:12:26,470 --> 00:12:26,480
it's the sun.
 

703
00:12:26,480 --> 00:12:29,670
it's the sun.
>> But solar output has been rising over

704
00:12:29,670 --> 00:12:29,680
>> But solar output has been rising over
 

705
00:12:29,680 --> 00:12:32,870
>> But solar output has been rising over
the last 500 million years. So it hasn't

706
00:12:32,870 --> 00:12:32,880
the last 500 million years. So it hasn't
 

707
00:12:32,880 --> 00:12:35,269
the last 500 million years. So it hasn't
suddenly caused this warming and it

708
00:12:35,269 --> 00:12:35,279
suddenly caused this warming and it
 

709
00:12:35,279 --> 00:12:37,590
suddenly caused this warming and it
hasn't caused all the ups and downs and

710
00:12:37,590 --> 00:12:37,600
hasn't caused all the ups and downs and
 

711
00:12:37,600 --> 00:12:40,150
hasn't caused all the ups and downs and
over the last 500 million years. It's

712
00:12:40,150 --> 00:12:40,160
over the last 500 million years. It's
 

713
00:12:40,160 --> 00:12:42,949
over the last 500 million years. It's
not galactic rays because galactic rays

714
00:12:42,949 --> 00:12:42,959
not galactic rays because galactic rays
 

715
00:12:42,959 --> 00:12:45,110
not galactic rays because galactic rays
run in periods of 20 million years and

716
00:12:45,110 --> 00:12:45,120
run in periods of 20 million years and
 

717
00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:47,430
run in periods of 20 million years and
that doesn't fit the cycle. And it's not

718
00:12:47,430 --> 00:12:47,440
that doesn't fit the cycle. And it's not
 

719
00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:49,750
that doesn't fit the cycle. And it's not
volcanoes. Um, which is another argument

720
00:12:49,750 --> 00:12:49,760
volcanoes. Um, which is another argument
 

721
00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:51,670
volcanoes. Um, which is another argument
they come up with because volcanoes have

722
00:12:51,670 --> 00:12:51,680
they come up with because volcanoes have
 

723
00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:53,509
they come up with because volcanoes have
a tendency to cool the earth in the

724
00:12:53,509 --> 00:12:53,519
a tendency to cool the earth in the
 

725
00:12:53,519 --> 00:12:54,310
a tendency to cool the earth in the
short term.

726
00:12:54,310 --> 00:12:54,320
short term.
 

727
00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:55,990
short term.
>> And then Melankovich, they they bring up

728
00:12:55,990 --> 00:12:56,000
>> And then Melankovich, they they bring up
 

729
00:12:56,000 --> 00:12:57,030
>> And then Melankovich, they they bring up
Melankovich cycles.

730
00:12:57,030 --> 00:12:57,040
Melankovich cycles.
 

731
00:12:57,040 --> 00:12:58,470
Melankovich cycles.
>> Melankovich, you see, now this is

732
00:12:58,470 --> 00:12:58,480
>> Melankovich, you see, now this is
 

733
00:12:58,480 --> 00:13:00,150
>> Melankovich, you see, now this is
another thing they get very confused

734
00:13:00,150 --> 00:13:00,160
another thing they get very confused
 

735
00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:02,629
another thing they get very confused
about time scales. Melankovich cycles

736
00:13:02,629 --> 00:13:02,639
about time scales. Melankovich cycles
 

737
00:13:02,639 --> 00:13:05,030
about time scales. Melankovich cycles
only work, as far as we know, they only

738
00:13:05,030 --> 00:13:05,040
only work, as far as we know, they only
 

739
00:13:05,040 --> 00:13:08,150
only work, as far as we know, they only
work in our um ice age. Probably worked

740
00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:08,160
work in our um ice age. Probably worked
 

741
00:13:08,160 --> 00:13:11,509
work in our um ice age. Probably worked
in previous ones. But our ice age is an

742
00:13:11,509 --> 00:13:11,519
in previous ones. But our ice age is an
 

743
00:13:11,519 --> 00:13:14,310
in previous ones. But our ice age is an
anomaly. It's it's a weird period over

744
00:13:14,310 --> 00:13:14,320
anomaly. It's it's a weird period over
 

745
00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:15,910
anomaly. It's it's a weird period over
the last 500 million years. There have

746
00:13:15,910 --> 00:13:15,920
the last 500 million years. There have
 

747
00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:18,310
the last 500 million years. There have
only been three ice ages. Ours has only

748
00:13:18,310 --> 00:13:18,320
only been three ice ages. Ours has only
 

749
00:13:18,320 --> 00:13:21,110
only been three ice ages. Ours has only
lasted for two million years, two maybe

750
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:21,120
lasted for two million years, two maybe
 

751
00:13:21,120 --> 00:13:24,230
lasted for two million years, two maybe
two and a half. So, um it's it's an

752
00:13:24,230 --> 00:13:24,240
two and a half. So, um it's it's an
 

753
00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:27,990
two and a half. So, um it's it's an
anomaly. And Melankovich cycles are what

754
00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:28,000
anomaly. And Melankovich cycles are what
 

755
00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,710
anomaly. And Melankovich cycles are what
tips the earth from a glacial into an

756
00:13:30,710 --> 00:13:30,720
tips the earth from a glacial into an
 

757
00:13:30,720 --> 00:13:33,110
tips the earth from a glacial into an
interglacial, which is not the way that

758
00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:33,120
interglacial, which is not the way that
 

759
00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:35,590
interglacial, which is not the way that
the earth has has behaved in the past.

760
00:13:35,590 --> 00:13:35,600
the earth has has behaved in the past.
 

761
00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,509
the earth has has behaved in the past.
And certainly, we can't say that we're

762
00:13:37,509 --> 00:13:37,519
And certainly, we can't say that we're
 

763
00:13:37,519 --> 00:13:39,990
And certainly, we can't say that we're
in one of these wobbles or Blankovich

764
00:13:39,990 --> 00:13:40,000
in one of these wobbles or Blankovich
 

765
00:13:40,000 --> 00:13:43,190
in one of these wobbles or Blankovich
cycles now because we know we're not. So

766
00:13:43,190 --> 00:13:43,200
cycles now because we know we're not. So
 

767
00:13:43,200 --> 00:13:45,110
cycles now because we know we're not. So
um that doesn't account for the warming

768
00:13:45,110 --> 00:13:45,120
um that doesn't account for the warming
 

769
00:13:45,120 --> 00:13:45,910
um that doesn't account for the warming
over the last

770
00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:45,920
over the last
 

771
00:13:45,920 --> 00:13:48,150
over the last
>> it's totally ad hoc right if you look at

772
00:13:48,150 --> 00:13:48,160
>> it's totally ad hoc right if you look at
 

773
00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:50,790
>> it's totally ad hoc right if you look at
each meal cycle it's not in a position

774
00:13:50,790 --> 00:13:50,800
each meal cycle it's not in a position
 

775
00:13:50,800 --> 00:13:53,030
each meal cycle it's not in a position
in that cycle that would be responsible

776
00:13:53,030 --> 00:13:53,040
in that cycle that would be responsible
 

777
00:13:53,040 --> 00:13:54,870
in that cycle that would be responsible
for warming nor could it possibly

778
00:13:54,870 --> 00:13:54,880
for warming nor could it possibly
 

779
00:13:54,880 --> 00:13:57,110
for warming nor could it possibly
explain the rapidity of the warming

780
00:13:57,110 --> 00:13:57,120
explain the rapidity of the warming
 

781
00:13:57,120 --> 00:13:59,269
explain the rapidity of the warming
right over a couple of centuries these

782
00:13:59,269 --> 00:13:59,279
right over a couple of centuries these
 

783
00:13:59,279 --> 00:14:02,150
right over a couple of centuries these
are 20,000 year 25,000year

784
00:14:02,150 --> 00:14:02,160
are 20,000 year 25,000year
 

785
00:14:02,160 --> 00:14:03,509
are 20,000 year 25,000year
>> cycles um

786
00:14:03,509 --> 00:14:03,519
>> cycles um
 

787
00:14:03,519 --> 00:14:05,829
>> cycles um
>> yeah and in fact we we have another

788
00:14:05,829 --> 00:14:05,839
>> yeah and in fact we we have another
 

789
00:14:05,839 --> 00:14:08,389
>> yeah and in fact we we have another
16,000 years before we even start

790
00:14:08,389 --> 00:14:08,399
16,000 years before we even start
 

791
00:14:08,399 --> 00:14:11,030
16,000 years before we even start
looking at another glacial cycles

792
00:14:11,030 --> 00:14:11,040
looking at another glacial cycles
 

793
00:14:11,040 --> 00:14:13,670
looking at another glacial cycles
>> I I think people get very confused about

794
00:14:13,670 --> 00:14:13,680
>> I I think people get very confused about
 

795
00:14:13,680 --> 00:14:15,430
>> I I think people get very confused about
the history of the earth and geological

796
00:14:15,430 --> 00:14:15,440
the history of the earth and geological
 

797
00:14:15,440 --> 00:14:17,590
the history of the earth and geological
time. And I actually did a video showing

798
00:14:17,590 --> 00:14:17,600
time. And I actually did a video showing
 

799
00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:19,910
time. And I actually did a video showing
the difference between the the length of

800
00:14:19,910 --> 00:14:19,920
the difference between the the length of
 

801
00:14:19,920 --> 00:14:22,310
the difference between the the length of
time over the Phanto 500 million year

802
00:14:22,310 --> 00:14:22,320
time over the Phanto 500 million year
 

803
00:14:22,320 --> 00:14:24,710
time over the Phanto 500 million year
period and the 2 million years of our

804
00:14:24,710 --> 00:14:24,720
period and the 2 million years of our
 

805
00:14:24,720 --> 00:14:27,350
period and the 2 million years of our
recent geological history. I mean I say

806
00:14:27,350 --> 00:14:27,360
recent geological history. I mean I say
 

807
00:14:27,360 --> 00:14:30,310
recent geological history. I mean I say
recent as a geologist. Uh it's all new

808
00:14:30,310 --> 00:14:30,320
recent as a geologist. Uh it's all new
 

809
00:14:30,320 --> 00:14:32,790
recent as a geologist. Uh it's all new
stuff. Um but you know there's a there's

810
00:14:32,790 --> 00:14:32,800
stuff. Um but you know there's a there's
 

811
00:14:32,800 --> 00:14:35,430
stuff. Um but you know there's a there's
a huge difference in geological terms.

812
00:14:35,430 --> 00:14:35,440
a huge difference in geological terms.
 

813
00:14:35,440 --> 00:14:37,750
a huge difference in geological terms.
Let's talk a little bit more about the

814
00:14:37,750 --> 00:14:37,760
Let's talk a little bit more about the
 

815
00:14:37,760 --> 00:14:40,790
Let's talk a little bit more about the
sun because that is so the uh as I told

816
00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:40,800
sun because that is so the uh as I told
 

817
00:14:40,800 --> 00:14:42,710
sun because that is so the uh as I told
my viewers, the the first time I became

818
00:14:42,710 --> 00:14:42,720
my viewers, the the first time I became
 

819
00:14:42,720 --> 00:14:45,509
my viewers, the the first time I became
aware of you was uh I found you uh

820
00:14:45,509 --> 00:14:45,519
aware of you was uh I found you uh
 

821
00:14:45,519 --> 00:14:47,189
aware of you was uh I found you uh
making fun of Ben Davidson a little bit

822
00:14:47,189 --> 00:14:47,199
making fun of Ben Davidson a little bit
 

823
00:14:47,199 --> 00:14:49,590
making fun of Ben Davidson a little bit
in a couple of uh interactions which led

824
00:14:49,590 --> 00:14:49,600
in a couple of uh interactions which led
 

825
00:14:49,600 --> 00:14:51,990
in a couple of uh interactions which led
to him never challenging an actual

826
00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:52,000
to him never challenging an actual
 

827
00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:54,310
to him never challenging an actual
expert ever again, which is hilarious to

828
00:14:54,310 --> 00:14:54,320
expert ever again, which is hilarious to
 

829
00:14:54,320 --> 00:14:54,949
expert ever again, which is hilarious to
me.

830
00:14:54,949 --> 00:14:54,959
me.
 

831
00:14:54,959 --> 00:14:56,790
me.
>> It wasn't hard, but it was fun.

832
00:14:56,790 --> 00:14:56,800
>> It wasn't hard, but it was fun.
 

833
00:14:56,800 --> 00:14:58,550
>> It wasn't hard, but it was fun.
>> Yeah, I I I thought it was quite

834
00:14:58,550 --> 00:14:58,560
>> Yeah, I I I thought it was quite
 

835
00:14:58,560 --> 00:15:01,509
>> Yeah, I I I thought it was quite
humorous. But um so his the the sun

836
00:15:01,509 --> 00:15:01,519
humorous. But um so his the the sun
 

837
00:15:01,519 --> 00:15:02,870
humorous. But um so his the the sun
angle and I think that there are these

838
00:15:02,870 --> 00:15:02,880
angle and I think that there are these
 

839
00:15:02,880 --> 00:15:05,350
angle and I think that there are these
other kind of space disaster weather

840
00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:05,360
other kind of space disaster weather
 

841
00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:08,069
other kind of space disaster weather
news. Uh it's a very trendy thing right

842
00:15:08,069 --> 00:15:08,079
news. Uh it's a very trendy thing right
 

843
00:15:08,079 --> 00:15:09,350
news. Uh it's a very trendy thing right
now on YouTube. There's a bunch of

844
00:15:09,350 --> 00:15:09,360
now on YouTube. There's a bunch of
 

845
00:15:09,360 --> 00:15:12,230
now on YouTube. There's a bunch of
copycat frauds that kind of all spew the

846
00:15:12,230 --> 00:15:12,240
copycat frauds that kind of all spew the
 

847
00:15:12,240 --> 00:15:14,230
copycat frauds that kind of all spew the
same stuff and Ben's a little more like

848
00:15:14,230 --> 00:15:14,240
same stuff and Ben's a little more like
 

849
00:15:14,240 --> 00:15:17,430
same stuff and Ben's a little more like
cult leader compound about it. Um uh

850
00:15:17,430 --> 00:15:17,440
cult leader compound about it. Um uh
 

851
00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:19,430
cult leader compound about it. Um uh
super ma. Others are like a little

852
00:15:19,430 --> 00:15:19,440
super ma. Others are like a little
 

853
00:15:19,440 --> 00:15:20,790
super ma. Others are like a little
chiller but they kind of have the same

854
00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:20,800
chiller but they kind of have the same
 

855
00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:23,750
chiller but they kind of have the same
grift. How what like let's just dig a

856
00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:23,760
grift. How what like let's just dig a
 

857
00:15:23,760 --> 00:15:25,430
grift. How what like let's just dig a
little bit more into this sun thing. the

858
00:15:25,430 --> 00:15:25,440
little bit more into this sun thing. the
 

859
00:15:25,440 --> 00:15:27,509
little bit more into this sun thing. the
sun is causing not I mean it Ben's thing

860
00:15:27,509 --> 00:15:27,519
sun is causing not I mean it Ben's thing
 

861
00:15:27,519 --> 00:15:29,110
sun is causing not I mean it Ben's thing
is like it's causing earthquakes and

862
00:15:29,110 --> 00:15:29,120
is like it's causing earthquakes and
 

863
00:15:29,120 --> 00:15:32,230
is like it's causing earthquakes and
stuff too but um let's let's a little

864
00:15:32,230 --> 00:15:32,240
stuff too but um let's let's a little
 

865
00:15:32,240 --> 00:15:33,910
stuff too but um let's let's a little
spend a couple more minutes debunking

866
00:15:33,910 --> 00:15:33,920
spend a couple more minutes debunking
 

867
00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:35,670
spend a couple more minutes debunking
the sun angle.

868
00:15:35,670 --> 00:15:35,680
the sun angle.
 

869
00:15:35,680 --> 00:15:37,750
the sun angle.
>> Yeah, let's do that because there's so

870
00:15:37,750 --> 00:15:37,760
>> Yeah, let's do that because there's so
 

871
00:15:37,760 --> 00:15:39,670
>> Yeah, let's do that because there's so
many ways you can do this. I mean, if

872
00:15:39,670 --> 00:15:39,680
many ways you can do this. I mean, if
 

873
00:15:39,680 --> 00:15:43,030
many ways you can do this. I mean, if
people um again, if if we're looking at

874
00:15:43,030 --> 00:15:43,040
people um again, if if we're looking at
 

875
00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,990
people um again, if if we're looking at
time scales, it's different during the

876
00:15:45,990 --> 00:15:46,000
time scales, it's different during the
 

877
00:15:46,000 --> 00:15:49,269
time scales, it's different during the
glacial interglacial periods because a

878
00:15:49,269 --> 00:15:49,279
glacial interglacial periods because a
 

879
00:15:49,279 --> 00:15:52,389
glacial interglacial periods because a
very small change in solar radiance at

880
00:15:52,389 --> 00:15:52,399
very small change in solar radiance at
 

881
00:15:52,399 --> 00:15:55,030
very small change in solar radiance at
certain latitudes starts the melt of ice

882
00:15:55,030 --> 00:15:55,040
certain latitudes starts the melt of ice
 

883
00:15:55,040 --> 00:15:58,310
certain latitudes starts the melt of ice
sheets and as ice sheets melt, they

884
00:15:58,310 --> 00:15:58,320
sheets and as ice sheets melt, they
 

885
00:15:58,320 --> 00:16:00,150
sheets and as ice sheets melt, they
reflect a lot of sunlight. So then

886
00:16:00,150 --> 00:16:00,160
reflect a lot of sunlight. So then
 

887
00:16:00,160 --> 00:16:03,829
reflect a lot of sunlight. So then
they're opening up a land or sea where

888
00:16:03,829 --> 00:16:03,839
they're opening up a land or sea where
 

889
00:16:03,839 --> 00:16:05,829
they're opening up a land or sea where
the energy from the sun can be absorbed.

890
00:16:05,829 --> 00:16:05,839
the energy from the sun can be absorbed.
 

891
00:16:05,839 --> 00:16:07,910
the energy from the sun can be absorbed.
So that's an amplifying effect. So it's

892
00:16:07,910 --> 00:16:07,920
So that's an amplifying effect. So it's
 

893
00:16:07,920 --> 00:16:10,150
So that's an amplifying effect. So it's
a huge amplifier. Now if we look over

894
00:16:10,150 --> 00:16:10,160
a huge amplifier. Now if we look over
 

895
00:16:10,160 --> 00:16:13,269
a huge amplifier. Now if we look over
the phenorizoic um as I was saying the

896
00:16:13,269 --> 00:16:13,279
the phenorizoic um as I was saying the
 

897
00:16:13,279 --> 00:16:16,710
the phenorizoic um as I was saying the
the solar output has been increasing

898
00:16:16,710 --> 00:16:16,720
the solar output has been increasing
 

899
00:16:16,720 --> 00:16:19,829
the solar output has been increasing
over time at the same rate more or less

900
00:16:19,829 --> 00:16:19,839
over time at the same rate more or less
 

901
00:16:19,839 --> 00:16:21,990
over time at the same rate more or less
at which CO2 has been going down. It's

902
00:16:21,990 --> 00:16:22,000
at which CO2 has been going down. It's
 

903
00:16:22,000 --> 00:16:24,470
at which CO2 has been going down. It's
been very very steady. If the sun was

904
00:16:24,470 --> 00:16:24,480
been very very steady. If the sun was
 

905
00:16:24,480 --> 00:16:27,670
been very very steady. If the sun was
responsible for all the ups and downs in

906
00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:27,680
responsible for all the ups and downs in
 

907
00:16:27,680 --> 00:16:29,829
responsible for all the ups and downs in
global temperature over the last 500

908
00:16:29,829 --> 00:16:29,839
global temperature over the last 500
 

909
00:16:29,839 --> 00:16:31,749
global temperature over the last 500
million years and we've gone from hot

910
00:16:31,749 --> 00:16:31,759
million years and we've gone from hot
 

911
00:16:31,759 --> 00:16:33,829
million years and we've gone from hot
houses for example during the Siluran

912
00:16:33,829 --> 00:16:33,839
houses for example during the Siluran
 

913
00:16:33,839 --> 00:16:36,710
houses for example during the Siluran
during the uh the Cambrian and we've

914
00:16:36,710 --> 00:16:36,720
during the uh the Cambrian and we've
 

915
00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:39,350
during the uh the Cambrian and we've
gone to ice ages during the Deavonian

916
00:16:39,350 --> 00:16:39,360
gone to ice ages during the Deavonian
 

917
00:16:39,360 --> 00:16:41,430
gone to ice ages during the Deavonian
and the Carboniferous which by the way I

918
00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:41,440
and the Carboniferous which by the way I
 

919
00:16:41,440 --> 00:16:42,629
and the Carboniferous which by the way I
think in the United States it's called

920
00:16:42,629 --> 00:16:42,639
think in the United States it's called
 

921
00:16:42,639 --> 00:16:46,470
think in the United States it's called
the Mississippian um different same

922
00:16:46,470 --> 00:16:46,480
the Mississippian um different same
 

923
00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:49,350
the Mississippian um different same
period but but different name and these

924
00:16:49,350 --> 00:16:49,360
period but but different name and these
 

925
00:16:49,360 --> 00:16:53,030
period but but different name and these
ups and downs um cannot be explained by

926
00:16:53,030 --> 00:16:53,040
ups and downs um cannot be explained by
 

927
00:16:53,040 --> 00:16:54,790
ups and downs um cannot be explained by
the sun because you

928
00:16:54,790 --> 00:16:54,800
the sun because you
 

929
00:16:54,800 --> 00:16:56,949
the sun because you
>> I mean the sun has been gradually

930
00:16:56,949 --> 00:16:56,959
>> I mean the sun has been gradually
 

931
00:16:56,959 --> 00:16:59,590
>> I mean the sun has been gradually
increasing but it hasn't been flipping

932
00:16:59,590 --> 00:16:59,600
increasing but it hasn't been flipping
 

933
00:16:59,600 --> 00:17:02,550
increasing but it hasn't been flipping
you know one two 3% either way would

934
00:17:02,550 --> 00:17:02,560
you know one two 3% either way would
 

935
00:17:02,560 --> 00:17:04,870
you know one two 3% either way would
cause this the only thing that's been

936
00:17:04,870 --> 00:17:04,880
cause this the only thing that's been
 

937
00:17:04,880 --> 00:17:07,350
cause this the only thing that's been
changing uh is carbon dioxide and I'll

938
00:17:07,350 --> 00:17:07,360
changing uh is carbon dioxide and I'll
 

939
00:17:07,360 --> 00:17:09,350
changing uh is carbon dioxide and I'll
just very quickly explain how this

940
00:17:09,350 --> 00:17:09,360
just very quickly explain how this
 

941
00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:11,189
just very quickly explain how this
happens because carbon dioxide was

942
00:17:11,189 --> 00:17:11,199
happens because carbon dioxide was
 

943
00:17:11,199 --> 00:17:14,230
happens because carbon dioxide was
around 20 times today's level during the

944
00:17:14,230 --> 00:17:14,240
around 20 times today's level during the
 

945
00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:16,069
around 20 times today's level during the
Cambrian this is about 500 million years

946
00:17:16,069 --> 00:17:16,079
Cambrian this is about 500 million years
 

947
00:17:16,079 --> 00:17:16,949
Cambrian this is about 500 million years
ago

948
00:17:16,949 --> 00:17:16,959
ago
 

949
00:17:16,959 --> 00:17:19,590
ago
>> and over time it's gradually decreased

950
00:17:19,590 --> 00:17:19,600
>> and over time it's gradually decreased
 

951
00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:21,189
>> and over time it's gradually decreased
and the way it decreases is something

952
00:17:21,189 --> 00:17:21,199
and the way it decreases is something
 

953
00:17:21,199 --> 00:17:23,750
and the way it decreases is something
called chemical weathering where you get

954
00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:23,760
called chemical weathering where you get
 

955
00:17:23,760 --> 00:17:26,150
called chemical weathering where you get
um uh carbon dioxide in the air mixing

956
00:17:26,150 --> 00:17:26,160
um uh carbon dioxide in the air mixing
 

957
00:17:26,160 --> 00:17:29,350
um uh carbon dioxide in the air mixing
with rain forms a weak acid dissolving

958
00:17:29,350 --> 00:17:29,360
with rain forms a weak acid dissolving
 

959
00:17:29,360 --> 00:17:32,630
with rain forms a weak acid dissolving
rocks sending those into the ocean as a

960
00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:32,640
rocks sending those into the ocean as a
 

961
00:17:32,640 --> 00:17:35,029
rocks sending those into the ocean as a
calcium carbonate. So most of the

962
00:17:35,029 --> 00:17:35,039
calcium carbonate. So most of the
 

963
00:17:35,039 --> 00:17:37,590
calcium carbonate. So most of the
world's limestone is a calcium carbonate

964
00:17:37,590 --> 00:17:37,600
world's limestone is a calcium carbonate
 

965
00:17:37,600 --> 00:17:40,150
world's limestone is a calcium carbonate
that's basically locked up all of that

966
00:17:40,150 --> 00:17:40,160
that's basically locked up all of that
 

967
00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:41,990
that's basically locked up all of that
carbon dioxide that used to be in our

968
00:17:41,990 --> 00:17:42,000
carbon dioxide that used to be in our
 

969
00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:44,789
carbon dioxide that used to be in our
atmosphere and to a certain extent the

970
00:17:44,789 --> 00:17:44,799
atmosphere and to a certain extent the
 

971
00:17:44,799 --> 00:17:46,789
atmosphere and to a certain extent the
coal and oil not quite as much but

972
00:17:46,789 --> 00:17:46,799
coal and oil not quite as much but
 

973
00:17:46,799 --> 00:17:48,470
coal and oil not quite as much but
certainly a good deal of that

974
00:17:48,470 --> 00:17:48,480
certainly a good deal of that
 

975
00:17:48,480 --> 00:17:49,990
certainly a good deal of that
>> and that's taken that out of the

976
00:17:49,990 --> 00:17:50,000
>> and that's taken that out of the
 

977
00:17:50,000 --> 00:17:52,070
>> and that's taken that out of the
atmosphere. So over time carbon dioxide

978
00:17:52,070 --> 00:17:52,080
atmosphere. So over time carbon dioxide
 

979
00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:54,470
atmosphere. So over time carbon dioxide
has has been falling and it gets

980
00:17:54,470 --> 00:17:54,480
has has been falling and it gets
 

981
00:17:54,480 --> 00:17:56,950
has has been falling and it gets
replenished every now and again you get

982
00:17:56,950 --> 00:17:56,960
replenished every now and again you get
 

983
00:17:56,960 --> 00:17:59,270
replenished every now and again you get
a blip with carbon dioxide and that's

984
00:17:59,270 --> 00:17:59,280
a blip with carbon dioxide and that's
 

985
00:17:59,280 --> 00:18:01,430
a blip with carbon dioxide and that's
caused by things called flood bassels

986
00:18:01,430 --> 00:18:01,440
caused by things called flood bassels
 

987
00:18:01,440 --> 00:18:03,669
caused by things called flood bassels
which are events where the earth

988
00:18:03,669 --> 00:18:03,679
which are events where the earth
 

989
00:18:03,679 --> 00:18:06,549
which are events where the earth
basically opens up and the upper mantle

990
00:18:06,549 --> 00:18:06,559
basically opens up and the upper mantle
 

991
00:18:06,559 --> 00:18:09,510
basically opens up and the upper mantle
uh lava floods across the surface of the

992
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:09,520
uh lava floods across the surface of the
 

993
00:18:09,520 --> 00:18:11,590
uh lava floods across the surface of the
earth and an outpouring of carbon

994
00:18:11,590 --> 00:18:11,600
earth and an outpouring of carbon
 

995
00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:14,470
earth and an outpouring of carbon
dioxide and when that happens you get a

996
00:18:14,470 --> 00:18:14,480
dioxide and when that happens you get a
 

997
00:18:14,480 --> 00:18:17,590
dioxide and when that happens you get a
huge increase in CO2 and with every fall

998
00:18:17,590 --> 00:18:17,600
huge increase in CO2 and with every fall
 

999
00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:20,870
huge increase in CO2 and with every fall
in CO2 we've seen an ice age and every

1000
00:18:20,870 --> 00:18:20,880
in CO2 we've seen an ice age and every
 

1001
00:18:20,880 --> 00:18:23,430
in CO2 we've seen an ice age and every
rise in CO2, you know, significant

1002
00:18:23,430 --> 00:18:23,440
rise in CO2, you know, significant
 

1003
00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:25,270
rise in CO2, you know, significant
enough, we've seen increases in

1004
00:18:25,270 --> 00:18:25,280
enough, we've seen increases in
 

1005
00:18:25,280 --> 00:18:27,190
enough, we've seen increases in
temperatures. So that's how we know that

1006
00:18:27,190 --> 00:18:27,200
temperatures. So that's how we know that
 

1007
00:18:27,200 --> 00:18:29,990
temperatures. So that's how we know that
CO2 is the long-term driver. It can't be

1008
00:18:29,990 --> 00:18:30,000
CO2 is the long-term driver. It can't be
 

1009
00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:31,909
CO2 is the long-term driver. It can't be
the sun because otherwise you would have

1010
00:18:31,909 --> 00:18:31,919
the sun because otherwise you would have
 

1011
00:18:31,919 --> 00:18:33,990
the sun because otherwise you would have
seen these violent swings. And

1012
00:18:33,990 --> 00:18:34,000
seen these violent swings. And
 

1013
00:18:34,000 --> 00:18:36,230
seen these violent swings. And
>> you can't propose that that is the cause

1014
00:18:36,230 --> 00:18:36,240
>> you can't propose that that is the cause
 

1015
00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:38,150
>> you can't propose that that is the cause
when there is no correlation

1016
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:38,160
when there is no correlation
 

1017
00:18:38,160 --> 00:18:40,150
when there is no correlation
historically, right? One trend in the

1018
00:18:40,150 --> 00:18:40,160
historically, right? One trend in the
 

1019
00:18:40,160 --> 00:18:41,750
historically, right? One trend in the
other. There they just don't correlate

1020
00:18:41,750 --> 00:18:41,760
other. There they just don't correlate
 

1021
00:18:41,760 --> 00:18:44,870
other. There they just don't correlate
at all. Where's the basis for for saying

1022
00:18:44,870 --> 00:18:44,880
at all. Where's the basis for for saying
 

1023
00:18:44,880 --> 00:18:48,710
at all. Where's the basis for for saying
that? Um, so yeah. So I guess it it's

1024
00:18:48,710 --> 00:18:48,720
that? Um, so yeah. So I guess it it's
 

1025
00:18:48,720 --> 00:18:50,470
that? Um, so yeah. So I guess it it's
very difficult for a climate change

1026
00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:50,480
very difficult for a climate change
 

1027
00:18:50,480 --> 00:18:53,510
very difficult for a climate change
denier to uh to deny that CO2 is the

1028
00:18:53,510 --> 00:18:53,520
denier to uh to deny that CO2 is the
 

1029
00:18:53,520 --> 00:18:55,270
denier to uh to deny that CO2 is the
culprit, but then they always go to, oh,

1030
00:18:55,270 --> 00:18:55,280
culprit, but then they always go to, oh,
 

1031
00:18:55,280 --> 00:18:58,230
culprit, but then they always go to, oh,
but it's it's such a trace gas. It's

1032
00:18:58,230 --> 00:18:58,240
but it's it's such a trace gas. It's
 

1033
00:18:58,240 --> 00:19:01,270
but it's it's such a trace gas. It's
0.2% of the atmosphere, whatever it is.

1034
00:19:01,270 --> 00:19:01,280
0.2% of the atmosphere, whatever it is.
 

1035
00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:04,150
0.2% of the atmosphere, whatever it is.
How can this possibly like like yeah,

1036
00:19:04,150 --> 00:19:04,160
How can this possibly like like yeah,
 

1037
00:19:04,160 --> 00:19:06,310
How can this possibly like like yeah,
there's some correlation, but how is it

1038
00:19:06,310 --> 00:19:06,320
there's some correlation, but how is it
 

1039
00:19:06,320 --> 00:19:07,990
there's some correlation, but how is it
going to make the Earth like, you know,

1040
00:19:07,990 --> 00:19:08,000
going to make the Earth like, you know,
 

1041
00:19:08,000 --> 00:19:09,909
going to make the Earth like, you know,
how is it going to be this catastrophic

1042
00:19:09,909 --> 00:19:09,919
how is it going to be this catastrophic
 

1043
00:19:09,919 --> 00:19:11,830
how is it going to be this catastrophic
thing? Like what do we say to that?

1044
00:19:11,830 --> 00:19:11,840
thing? Like what do we say to that?
 

1045
00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:14,230
thing? Like what do we say to that?
Yeah, you this is where I love the

1046
00:19:14,230 --> 00:19:14,240
Yeah, you this is where I love the
 

1047
00:19:14,240 --> 00:19:17,510
Yeah, you this is where I love the
contradictions. Um actually just going

1048
00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:17,520
contradictions. Um actually just going
 

1049
00:19:17,520 --> 00:19:18,470
contradictions. Um actually just going
back to the sun, talking of

1050
00:19:18,470 --> 00:19:18,480
back to the sun, talking of
 

1051
00:19:18,480 --> 00:19:20,230
back to the sun, talking of
contradictions, one of the things they

1052
00:19:20,230 --> 00:19:20,240
contradictions, one of the things they
 

1053
00:19:20,240 --> 00:19:21,909
contradictions, one of the things they
always say is, "Oh, scientists are

1054
00:19:21,909 --> 00:19:21,919
always say is, "Oh, scientists are
 

1055
00:19:21,919 --> 00:19:24,789
always say is, "Oh, scientists are
ignoring the sun." Um and yet when they

1056
00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:24,799
ignoring the sun." Um and yet when they
 

1057
00:19:24,799 --> 00:19:27,270
ignoring the sun." Um and yet when they
show the correlation that doesn't exist

1058
00:19:27,270 --> 00:19:27,280
show the correlation that doesn't exist
 

1059
00:19:27,280 --> 00:19:29,830
show the correlation that doesn't exist
between CO2 and global temperatures,

1060
00:19:29,830 --> 00:19:29,840
between CO2 and global temperatures,
 

1061
00:19:29,840 --> 00:19:31,110
between CO2 and global temperatures,
they say, "Well, there's no correlation

1062
00:19:31,110 --> 00:19:31,120
they say, "Well, there's no correlation
 

1063
00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:32,789
they say, "Well, there's no correlation
between CO2 and global temperature."

1064
00:19:32,789 --> 00:19:32,799
between CO2 and global temperature."
 

1065
00:19:32,799 --> 00:19:34,470
between CO2 and global temperature."
they are completely ignoring the role of

1066
00:19:34,470 --> 00:19:34,480
they are completely ignoring the role of
 

1067
00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:36,789
they are completely ignoring the role of
the sun because you have to you have to

1068
00:19:36,789 --> 00:19:36,799
the sun because you have to you have to
 

1069
00:19:36,799 --> 00:19:38,150
the sun because you have to you have to
take the fact that the sun's been

1070
00:19:38,150 --> 00:19:38,160
take the fact that the sun's been
 

1071
00:19:38,160 --> 00:19:40,789
take the fact that the sun's been
increasing over 500 million years along

1072
00:19:40,789 --> 00:19:40,799
increasing over 500 million years along
 

1073
00:19:40,799 --> 00:19:42,549
increasing over 500 million years along
with the decrease. You've got to look at

1074
00:19:42,549 --> 00:19:42,559
with the decrease. You've got to look at
 

1075
00:19:42,559 --> 00:19:45,350
with the decrease. You've got to look at
all the factors and not just one. But um

1076
00:19:45,350 --> 00:19:45,360
all the factors and not just one. But um
 

1077
00:19:45,360 --> 00:19:46,950
all the factors and not just one. But um
sorry getting back to your point about

1078
00:19:46,950 --> 00:19:46,960
sorry getting back to your point about
 

1079
00:19:46,960 --> 00:19:49,270
sorry getting back to your point about
0.3% of the atmosphere. This is another

1080
00:19:49,270 --> 00:19:49,280
0.3% of the atmosphere. This is another
 

1081
00:19:49,280 --> 00:19:51,110
0.3% of the atmosphere. This is another
great contradiction because one of the

1082
00:19:51,110 --> 00:19:51,120
great contradiction because one of the
 

1083
00:19:51,120 --> 00:19:52,710
great contradiction because one of the
things I've heard and I'm sure you have

1084
00:19:52,710 --> 00:19:52,720
things I've heard and I'm sure you have
 

1085
00:19:52,720 --> 00:19:56,230
things I've heard and I'm sure you have
too Dave is that uh CO2 is is vital to

1086
00:19:56,230 --> 00:19:56,240
too Dave is that uh CO2 is is vital to
 

1087
00:19:56,240 --> 00:19:58,390
too Dave is that uh CO2 is is vital to
our planet. It's plant food. We need

1088
00:19:58,390 --> 00:19:58,400
our planet. It's plant food. We need
 

1089
00:19:58,400 --> 00:20:00,390
our planet. It's plant food. We need
more of it because it's so absolutely

1090
00:20:00,390 --> 00:20:00,400
more of it because it's so absolutely
 

1091
00:20:00,400 --> 00:20:01,029
more of it because it's so absolutely
crucial. Yeah.

1092
00:20:01,029 --> 00:20:01,039
crucial. Yeah.
 

1093
00:20:01,039 --> 00:20:03,669
crucial. Yeah.
>> Well, hang on a minute. You just told me

1094
00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:03,679
>> Well, hang on a minute. You just told me
 

1095
00:20:03,679 --> 00:20:06,150
>> Well, hang on a minute. You just told me
it's only 0.3% of the atmosphere and

1096
00:20:06,150 --> 00:20:06,160
it's only 0.3% of the atmosphere and
 

1097
00:20:06,160 --> 00:20:07,909
it's only 0.3% of the atmosphere and
therefore completely insignificant and

1098
00:20:07,909 --> 00:20:07,919
therefore completely insignificant and
 

1099
00:20:07,919 --> 00:20:10,710
therefore completely insignificant and
can't have any effect. But the way to

1100
00:20:10,710 --> 00:20:10,720
can't have any effect. But the way to
 

1101
00:20:10,720 --> 00:20:12,789
can't have any effect. But the way to
argue this, as I say, is you've got to

1102
00:20:12,789 --> 00:20:12,799
argue this, as I say, is you've got to
 

1103
00:20:12,799 --> 00:20:15,350
argue this, as I say, is you've got to
treat the other person like a teacher.

1104
00:20:15,350 --> 00:20:15,360
treat the other person like a teacher.
 

1105
00:20:15,360 --> 00:20:17,590
treat the other person like a teacher.
So, you you ask a question instead of

1106
00:20:17,590 --> 00:20:17,600
So, you you ask a question instead of
 

1107
00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:19,350
So, you you ask a question instead of
telling giving him information. So, you

1108
00:20:19,350 --> 00:20:19,360
telling giving him information. So, you
 

1109
00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:20,390
telling giving him information. So, you
say,

1110
00:20:20,390 --> 00:20:20,400
say,
 

1111
00:20:20,400 --> 00:20:22,870
say,
>> um, okay, so you don't think it can

1112
00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:22,880
>> um, okay, so you don't think it can
 

1113
00:20:22,880 --> 00:20:25,669
>> um, okay, so you don't think it can
possibly have an effect on on the earth

1114
00:20:25,669 --> 00:20:25,679
possibly have an effect on on the earth
 

1115
00:20:25,679 --> 00:20:27,990
possibly have an effect on on the earth
at all? I mean, would it have no effect?

1116
00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:28,000
at all? I mean, would it have no effect?
 

1117
00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:29,190
at all? I mean, would it have no effect?
And when they say yeah, it can't

1118
00:20:29,190 --> 00:20:29,200
And when they say yeah, it can't
 

1119
00:20:29,200 --> 00:20:30,710
And when they say yeah, it can't
possibly have an effect, then you go

1120
00:20:30,710 --> 00:20:30,720
possibly have an effect, then you go
 

1121
00:20:30,720 --> 00:20:32,070
possibly have an effect, then you go
into the argument about, well, what

1122
00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:32,080
into the argument about, well, what
 

1123
00:20:32,080 --> 00:20:33,990
into the argument about, well, what
about plants? What about

1124
00:20:33,990 --> 00:20:34,000
about plants? What about
 

1125
00:20:34,000 --> 00:20:36,230
about plants? What about
>> crops grown and all that? The other

1126
00:20:36,230 --> 00:20:36,240
>> crops grown and all that? The other
 

1127
00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:39,830
>> crops grown and all that? The other
thing I I always ask is um okay, how

1128
00:20:39,830 --> 00:20:39,840
thing I I always ask is um okay, how
 

1129
00:20:39,840 --> 00:20:42,390
thing I I always ask is um okay, how
many how many tons of carbon dioxide are

1130
00:20:42,390 --> 00:20:42,400
many how many tons of carbon dioxide are
 

1131
00:20:42,400 --> 00:20:44,149
many how many tons of carbon dioxide are
in the atmosphere? Never mind the

1132
00:20:44,149 --> 00:20:44,159
in the atmosphere? Never mind the
 

1133
00:20:44,159 --> 00:20:45,590
in the atmosphere? Never mind the
percentage because most of the

1134
00:20:45,590 --> 00:20:45,600
percentage because most of the
 

1135
00:20:45,600 --> 00:20:48,549
percentage because most of the
atmosphere is inert. It's nitrogen.

1136
00:20:48,549 --> 00:20:48,559
atmosphere is inert. It's nitrogen.
 

1137
00:20:48,559 --> 00:20:49,909
atmosphere is inert. It's nitrogen.
>> See if they can throw out a number,

1138
00:20:49,909 --> 00:20:49,919
>> See if they can throw out a number,
 

1139
00:20:49,919 --> 00:20:50,549
>> See if they can throw out a number,
right? How many

1140
00:20:50,549 --> 00:20:50,559
right? How many
 

1141
00:20:50,559 --> 00:20:52,630
right? How many
>> billions? Get an actual number. Now,

1142
00:20:52,630 --> 00:20:52,640
>> billions? Get an actual number. Now,
 

1143
00:20:52,640 --> 00:20:54,149
>> billions? Get an actual number. Now,
they would be amazed because they don't

1144
00:20:54,149 --> 00:20:54,159
they would be amazed because they don't
 

1145
00:20:54,159 --> 00:20:56,070
they would be amazed because they don't
know. And one of one of the great things

1146
00:20:56,070 --> 00:20:56,080
know. And one of one of the great things
 

1147
00:20:56,080 --> 00:20:59,750
know. And one of one of the great things
about uh arguing with these people for

1148
00:20:59,750 --> 00:20:59,760
about uh arguing with these people for
 

1149
00:20:59,760 --> 00:21:02,230
about uh arguing with these people for
some reason they will never be able to

1150
00:21:02,230 --> 00:21:02,240
some reason they will never be able to
 

1151
00:21:02,240 --> 00:21:04,870
some reason they will never be able to
say I don't know. And as a scientist you

1152
00:21:04,870 --> 00:21:04,880
say I don't know. And as a scientist you
 

1153
00:21:04,880 --> 00:21:06,390
say I don't know. And as a scientist you
know that's one of the most common

1154
00:21:06,390 --> 00:21:06,400
know that's one of the most common
 

1155
00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:08,549
know that's one of the most common
things you hear from scientists is

1156
00:21:08,549 --> 00:21:08,559
things you hear from scientists is
 

1157
00:21:08,559 --> 00:21:10,149
things you hear from scientists is
>> I don't know. And as a science

1158
00:21:10,149 --> 00:21:10,159
>> I don't know. And as a science
 

1159
00:21:10,159 --> 00:21:11,190
>> I don't know. And as a science
journalist that's one of the most

1160
00:21:11,190 --> 00:21:11,200
journalist that's one of the most
 

1161
00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:12,870
journalist that's one of the most
frustrating. You ask them a question

1162
00:21:12,870 --> 00:21:12,880
frustrating. You ask them a question
 

1163
00:21:12,880 --> 00:21:15,750
frustrating. You ask them a question
well we don't know that yet. Um but but

1164
00:21:15,750 --> 00:21:15,760
well we don't know that yet. Um but but
 

1165
00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:17,669
well we don't know that yet. Um but but
they will never say I don't know. And

1166
00:21:17,669 --> 00:21:17,679
they will never say I don't know. And
 

1167
00:21:17,679 --> 00:21:19,669
they will never say I don't know. And
because they can't say I don't know they

1168
00:21:19,669 --> 00:21:19,679
because they can't say I don't know they
 

1169
00:21:19,679 --> 00:21:22,149
because they can't say I don't know they
will have to make something up. And if

1170
00:21:22,149 --> 00:21:22,159
will have to make something up. And if
 

1171
00:21:22,159 --> 00:21:23,669
will have to make something up. And if
you make something up on the spur of the

1172
00:21:23,669 --> 00:21:23,679
you make something up on the spur of the
 

1173
00:21:23,679 --> 00:21:25,909
you make something up on the spur of the
moment, that's going to be a trap. So

1174
00:21:25,909 --> 00:21:25,919
moment, that's going to be a trap. So
 

1175
00:21:25,919 --> 00:21:27,750
moment, that's going to be a trap. So
they will make up a number which you can

1176
00:21:27,750 --> 00:21:27,760
they will make up a number which you can
 

1177
00:21:27,760 --> 00:21:30,149
they will make up a number which you can
very quickly disprove. If they really

1178
00:21:30,149 --> 00:21:30,159
very quickly disprove. If they really
 

1179
00:21:30,159 --> 00:21:32,789
very quickly disprove. If they really
don't know, the actual figure is is

1180
00:21:32,789 --> 00:21:32,799
don't know, the actual figure is is
 

1181
00:21:32,799 --> 00:21:34,630
don't know, the actual figure is is
surprising for people who don't know it.

1182
00:21:34,630 --> 00:21:34,640
surprising for people who don't know it.
 

1183
00:21:34,640 --> 00:21:37,750
surprising for people who don't know it.
It's 3,364

1184
00:21:37,750 --> 00:21:37,760
It's 3,364
 

1185
00:21:37,760 --> 00:21:40,710
It's 3,364
billion tons. That's over 3 trillion

1186
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:40,720
billion tons. That's over 3 trillion
 

1187
00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:43,909
billion tons. That's over 3 trillion
tons of carbon dioxide in the air.

1188
00:21:43,909 --> 00:21:43,919
tons of carbon dioxide in the air.
 

1189
00:21:43,919 --> 00:21:46,149
tons of carbon dioxide in the air.
Now you're talking about a figure to

1190
00:21:46,149 --> 00:21:46,159
Now you're talking about a figure to
 

1191
00:21:46,159 --> 00:21:47,830
Now you're talking about a figure to
say, well, this couldn't possibly have

1192
00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:47,840
say, well, this couldn't possibly have
 

1193
00:21:47,840 --> 00:21:51,270
say, well, this couldn't possibly have
any effect when a third of that that's

1194
00:21:51,270 --> 00:21:51,280
any effect when a third of that that's
 

1195
00:21:51,280 --> 00:21:53,830
any effect when a third of that that's
over a trillion tons has been put up

1196
00:21:53,830 --> 00:21:53,840
over a trillion tons has been put up
 

1197
00:21:53,840 --> 00:21:56,549
over a trillion tons has been put up
there since the industrial revolution,

1198
00:21:56,549 --> 00:21:56,559
there since the industrial revolution,
 

1199
00:21:56,559 --> 00:21:56,870
there since the industrial revolution,
>> right?

1200
00:21:56,870 --> 00:21:56,880
>> right?
 

1201
00:21:56,880 --> 00:21:59,190
>> right?
>> Uh people will start to see, well, are

1202
00:21:59,190 --> 00:21:59,200
>> Uh people will start to see, well, are
 

1203
00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:00,950
>> Uh people will start to see, well, are
you saying that could have no effect?

1204
00:22:00,950 --> 00:22:00,960
you saying that could have no effect?
 

1205
00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:02,310
you saying that could have no effect?
And there's one other thing, and I've

1206
00:22:02,310 --> 00:22:02,320
And there's one other thing, and I've
 

1207
00:22:02,320 --> 00:22:04,310
And there's one other thing, and I've
got a video which maybe you've seen,

1208
00:22:04,310 --> 00:22:04,320
got a video which maybe you've seen,
 

1209
00:22:04,320 --> 00:22:07,350
got a video which maybe you've seen,
Dave, it's um fantastic. A guy did a an

1210
00:22:07,350 --> 00:22:07,360
Dave, it's um fantastic. A guy did a an
 

1211
00:22:07,360 --> 00:22:09,510
Dave, it's um fantastic. A guy did a an
experiment where he got that same

1212
00:22:09,510 --> 00:22:09,520
experiment where he got that same
 

1213
00:22:09,520 --> 00:22:13,029
experiment where he got that same
percentage, 0.3% of black ink and put it

1214
00:22:13,029 --> 00:22:13,039
percentage, 0.3% of black ink and put it
 

1215
00:22:13,039 --> 00:22:15,830
percentage, 0.3% of black ink and put it
in water, mixed it up, and the ink you

1216
00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:15,840
in water, mixed it up, and the ink you
 

1217
00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:18,630
in water, mixed it up, and the ink you
couldn't see through it. And that's that

1218
00:22:18,630 --> 00:22:18,640
couldn't see through it. And that's that
 

1219
00:22:18,640 --> 00:22:21,270
couldn't see through it. And that's that
if that was in the atmosphere, if carbon

1220
00:22:21,270 --> 00:22:21,280
if that was in the atmosphere, if carbon
 

1221
00:22:21,280 --> 00:22:24,070
if that was in the atmosphere, if carbon
dioxide was visible as a gas, if it had

1222
00:22:24,070 --> 00:22:24,080
dioxide was visible as a gas, if it had
 

1223
00:22:24,080 --> 00:22:26,870
dioxide was visible as a gas, if it had
a a black color to it, we would not be

1224
00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:26,880
a a black color to it, we would not be
 

1225
00:22:26,880 --> 00:22:29,430
a a black color to it, we would not be
able to see the sky. It would become

1226
00:22:29,430 --> 00:22:29,440
able to see the sky. It would become
 

1227
00:22:29,440 --> 00:22:29,669
able to see the sky. It would become
totally

1228
00:22:29,669 --> 00:22:29,679
totally
 

1229
00:22:29,679 --> 00:22:32,950
totally
>> opaque. I mean, that video is fantastic.

1230
00:22:32,950 --> 00:22:32,960
>> opaque. I mean, that video is fantastic.
 

1231
00:22:32,960 --> 00:22:34,789
>> opaque. I mean, that video is fantastic.
>> That's interesting. Yeah. I mean, it it

1232
00:22:34,789 --> 00:22:34,799
>> That's interesting. Yeah. I mean, it it
 

1233
00:22:34,799 --> 00:22:37,350
>> That's interesting. Yeah. I mean, it it
is true. It's like I I feel like some

1234
00:22:37,350 --> 00:22:37,360
is true. It's like I I feel like some
 

1235
00:22:37,360 --> 00:22:39,909
is true. It's like I I feel like some
people are operating under the under the

1236
00:22:39,909 --> 00:22:39,919
people are operating under the under the
 

1237
00:22:39,919 --> 00:22:42,710
people are operating under the under the
like presumption of like oh air is like

1238
00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:42,720
like presumption of like oh air is like
 

1239
00:22:42,720 --> 00:22:43,830
like presumption of like oh air is like
it doesn't even weigh anything. It's

1240
00:22:43,830 --> 00:22:43,840
it doesn't even weigh anything. It's
 

1241
00:22:43,840 --> 00:22:45,990
it doesn't even weigh anything. It's
it's massless. It's it's air. It's air

1242
00:22:45,990 --> 00:22:46,000
it's massless. It's it's air. It's air
 

1243
00:22:46,000 --> 00:22:48,070
it's massless. It's it's air. It's air
you guys. Just the the sheer amounts. I

1244
00:22:48,070 --> 00:22:48,080
you guys. Just the the sheer amounts. I
 

1245
00:22:48,080 --> 00:22:50,070
you guys. Just the the sheer amounts. I
mean if you haven't seen footage of like

1246
00:22:50,070 --> 00:22:50,080
mean if you haven't seen footage of like
 

1247
00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:53,029
mean if you haven't seen footage of like
what industrial emissions look like uh

1248
00:22:53,029 --> 00:22:53,039
what industrial emissions look like uh
 

1249
00:22:53,039 --> 00:22:56,310
what industrial emissions look like uh
you know like huge huge stacks um and

1250
00:22:56,310 --> 00:22:56,320
you know like huge huge stacks um and
 

1251
00:22:56,320 --> 00:22:57,990
you know like huge huge stacks um and
just think of that pouring constantly

1252
00:22:57,990 --> 00:22:58,000
just think of that pouring constantly
 

1253
00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:01,029
just think of that pouring constantly
all the time. um the naive of thinking

1254
00:23:01,029 --> 00:23:01,039
all the time. um the naive of thinking
 

1255
00:23:01,039 --> 00:23:02,870
all the time. um the naive of thinking
that that wouldn't have an impact

1256
00:23:02,870 --> 00:23:02,880
that that wouldn't have an impact
 

1257
00:23:02,880 --> 00:23:04,630
that that wouldn't have an impact
especially given planetary science and

1258
00:23:04,630 --> 00:23:04,640
especially given planetary science and
 

1259
00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:06,470
especially given planetary science and
looking at other bodies in the solar

1260
00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:06,480
looking at other bodies in the solar
 

1261
00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:08,630
looking at other bodies in the solar
system um that have dramatically

1262
00:23:08,630 --> 00:23:08,640
system um that have dramatically
 

1263
00:23:08,640 --> 00:23:11,190
system um that have dramatically
different climates uh due to the

1264
00:23:11,190 --> 00:23:11,200
different climates uh due to the
 

1265
00:23:11,200 --> 00:23:13,029
different climates uh due to the
atmospheric composition there.

1266
00:23:13,029 --> 00:23:13,039
atmospheric composition there.
 

1267
00:23:13,039 --> 00:23:14,710
atmospheric composition there.
>> It's just crazy.

1268
00:23:14,710 --> 00:23:14,720
>> It's just crazy.
 

1269
00:23:14,720 --> 00:23:17,110
>> It's just crazy.
>> And and also the fact that this was

1270
00:23:17,110 --> 00:23:17,120
>> And and also the fact that this was
 

1271
00:23:17,120 --> 00:23:20,070
>> And and also the fact that this was
predicted way back in the 1950s and the

1272
00:23:20,070 --> 00:23:20,080
predicted way back in the 1950s and the
 

1273
00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:22,710
predicted way back in the 1950s and the
actual figure for how much a doubling of

1274
00:23:22,710 --> 00:23:22,720
actual figure for how much a doubling of
 

1275
00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:25,350
actual figure for how much a doubling of
CO2 would warm the atmosphere is pretty

1276
00:23:25,350 --> 00:23:25,360
CO2 would warm the atmosphere is pretty
 

1277
00:23:25,360 --> 00:23:27,669
CO2 would warm the atmosphere is pretty
much the same figure we've got today. It

1278
00:23:27,669 --> 00:23:27,679
much the same figure we've got today. It
 

1279
00:23:27,679 --> 00:23:30,470
much the same figure we've got today. It
was a it was I think 3.6 degrees for a

1280
00:23:30,470 --> 00:23:30,480
was a it was I think 3.6 degrees for a
 

1281
00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:32,549
was a it was I think 3.6 degrees for a
doubling and now it's around about the

1282
00:23:32,549 --> 00:23:32,559
doubling and now it's around about the
 

1283
00:23:32,559 --> 00:23:35,350
doubling and now it's around about the
3° mark and we are absolutely on track.

1284
00:23:35,350 --> 00:23:35,360
3° mark and we are absolutely on track.
 

1285
00:23:35,360 --> 00:23:37,190
3° mark and we are absolutely on track.
I mean they'll always say yeah it

1286
00:23:37,190 --> 00:23:37,200
I mean they'll always say yeah it
 

1287
00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:38,950
I mean they'll always say yeah it
doesn't match the predictions but it

1288
00:23:38,950 --> 00:23:38,960
doesn't match the predictions but it
 

1289
00:23:38,960 --> 00:23:41,750
doesn't match the predictions but it
does absolutely um the predictions have

1290
00:23:41,750 --> 00:23:41,760
does absolutely um the predictions have
 

1291
00:23:41,760 --> 00:23:43,430
does absolutely um the predictions have
been really good and if someone gets a

1292
00:23:43,430 --> 00:23:43,440
been really good and if someone gets a
 

1293
00:23:43,440 --> 00:23:45,669
been really good and if someone gets a
prediction right that is uh very good

1294
00:23:45,669 --> 00:23:45,679
prediction right that is uh very good
 

1295
00:23:45,679 --> 00:23:47,270
prediction right that is uh very good
evidence they're on the right track.

1296
00:23:47,270 --> 00:23:47,280
evidence they're on the right track.
 

1297
00:23:47,280 --> 00:23:48,789
evidence they're on the right track.
>> Absolutely. Yeah. No, looking at the

1298
00:23:48,789 --> 00:23:48,799
>> Absolutely. Yeah. No, looking at the
 

1299
00:23:48,799 --> 00:23:50,789
>> Absolutely. Yeah. No, looking at the
data over the past decades it's very

1300
00:23:50,789 --> 00:23:50,799
data over the past decades it's very
 

1301
00:23:50,799 --> 00:23:52,549
data over the past decades it's very
clear that the yeah that the predictions

1302
00:23:52,549 --> 00:23:52,559
clear that the yeah that the predictions
 

1303
00:23:52,559 --> 00:23:54,710
clear that the yeah that the predictions
were on point. Um just to wrap up with

1304
00:23:54,710 --> 00:23:54,720
were on point. Um just to wrap up with
 

1305
00:23:54,720 --> 00:23:56,310
were on point. Um just to wrap up with
CO2, there's this other point that I

1306
00:23:56,310 --> 00:23:56,320
CO2, there's this other point that I
 

1307
00:23:56,320 --> 00:23:59,270
CO2, there's this other point that I
hear sometimes of about uh like uh that

1308
00:23:59,270 --> 00:23:59,280
hear sometimes of about uh like uh that
 

1309
00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:01,190
hear sometimes of about uh like uh that
CO2 is always lagging global

1310
00:24:01,190 --> 00:24:01,200
CO2 is always lagging global
 

1311
00:24:01,200 --> 00:24:02,789
CO2 is always lagging global
temperature. So like temperature will

1312
00:24:02,789 --> 00:24:02,799
temperature. So like temperature will
 

1313
00:24:02,799 --> 00:24:05,909
temperature. So like temperature will
always rise and then CO2 levels rise. So

1314
00:24:05,909 --> 00:24:05,919
always rise and then CO2 levels rise. So
 

1315
00:24:05,919 --> 00:24:08,470
always rise and then CO2 levels rise. So
uh so it can't be CO2 then from that

1316
00:24:08,470 --> 00:24:08,480
uh so it can't be CO2 then from that
 

1317
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:10,070
uh so it can't be CO2 then from that
like what what's that talking point

1318
00:24:10,070 --> 00:24:10,080
like what what's that talking point
 

1319
00:24:10,080 --> 00:24:10,549
like what what's that talking point
about?

1320
00:24:10,549 --> 00:24:10,559
about?
 

1321
00:24:10,559 --> 00:24:12,630
about?
>> Yeah. Okay. Now there's a there's an

1322
00:24:12,630 --> 00:24:12,640
>> Yeah. Okay. Now there's a there's an
 

1323
00:24:12,640 --> 00:24:15,430
>> Yeah. Okay. Now there's a there's an
element of truth to that. Um and and I

1324
00:24:15,430 --> 00:24:15,440
element of truth to that. Um and and I
 

1325
00:24:15,440 --> 00:24:16,950
element of truth to that. Um and and I
blame Al Gore for being rather

1326
00:24:16,950 --> 00:24:16,960
blame Al Gore for being rather
 

1327
00:24:16,960 --> 00:24:18,470
blame Al Gore for being rather
misleading on this when he did the

1328
00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:18,480
misleading on this when he did the
 

1329
00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:21,750
misleading on this when he did the
inconvenient truth movie uh which really

1330
00:24:21,750 --> 00:24:21,760
inconvenient truth movie uh which really
 

1331
00:24:21,760 --> 00:24:24,630
inconvenient truth movie uh which really
started this as a polarized uh thing.

1332
00:24:24,630 --> 00:24:24,640
started this as a polarized uh thing.
 

1333
00:24:24,640 --> 00:24:27,029
started this as a polarized uh thing.
You know, your whether you trust science

1334
00:24:27,029 --> 00:24:27,039
You know, your whether you trust science
 

1335
00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:28,549
You know, your whether you trust science
or not depends on your political

1336
00:24:28,549 --> 00:24:28,559
or not depends on your political
 

1337
00:24:28,559 --> 00:24:30,470
or not depends on your political
position, which seems to be only a thing

1338
00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:30,480
position, which seems to be only a thing
 

1339
00:24:30,480 --> 00:24:32,310
position, which seems to be only a thing
in the United States rather than

1340
00:24:32,310 --> 00:24:32,320
in the United States rather than
 

1341
00:24:32,320 --> 00:24:34,630
in the United States rather than
anywhere else in the world. But um yeah,

1342
00:24:34,630 --> 00:24:34,640
anywhere else in the world. But um yeah,
 

1343
00:24:34,640 --> 00:24:36,549
anywhere else in the world. But um yeah,
that that was one of the things that he

1344
00:24:36,549 --> 00:24:36,559
that that was one of the things that he
 

1345
00:24:36,559 --> 00:24:40,230
that that was one of the things that he
kind of fudged. And you have to accept

1346
00:24:40,230 --> 00:24:40,240
kind of fudged. And you have to accept
 

1347
00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:43,510
kind of fudged. And you have to accept
that during the uh uh glacial

1348
00:24:43,510 --> 00:24:43,520
that during the uh uh glacial
 

1349
00:24:43,520 --> 00:24:45,909
that during the uh uh glacial
deglaciation period of the current ice

1350
00:24:45,909 --> 00:24:45,919
deglaciation period of the current ice
 

1351
00:24:45,919 --> 00:24:50,630
deglaciation period of the current ice
age, the trigger for that was the solar

1352
00:24:50,630 --> 00:24:50,640
age, the trigger for that was the solar
 

1353
00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:52,950
age, the trigger for that was the solar
insulation at certain areas that started

1354
00:24:52,950 --> 00:24:52,960
insulation at certain areas that started
 

1355
00:24:52,960 --> 00:24:56,630
insulation at certain areas that started
me melting glacias that caused the

1356
00:24:56,630 --> 00:24:56,640
me melting glacias that caused the
 

1357
00:24:56,640 --> 00:24:59,669
me melting glacias that caused the
glacias to recede. Less uh reflection of

1358
00:24:59,669 --> 00:24:59,679
glacias to recede. Less uh reflection of
 

1359
00:24:59,679 --> 00:25:02,870
glacias to recede. Less uh reflection of
sunlight, more sunlight absorbed. Now

1360
00:25:02,870 --> 00:25:02,880
sunlight, more sunlight absorbed. Now
 

1361
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:06,230
sunlight, more sunlight absorbed. Now
there is this phenomenon where as oceans

1362
00:25:06,230 --> 00:25:06,240
there is this phenomenon where as oceans
 

1363
00:25:06,240 --> 00:25:09,590
there is this phenomenon where as oceans
warm they are able to dissolve less

1364
00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:09,600
warm they are able to dissolve less
 

1365
00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:12,149
warm they are able to dissolve less
carbon dioxide. So as the oceans warm up

1366
00:25:12,149 --> 00:25:12,159
carbon dioxide. So as the oceans warm up
 

1367
00:25:12,159 --> 00:25:14,310
carbon dioxide. So as the oceans warm up
they will release more CO2

1368
00:25:14,310 --> 00:25:14,320
they will release more CO2
 

1369
00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,029
they will release more CO2
>> and therefore as a result of warming you

1370
00:25:17,029 --> 00:25:17,039
>> and therefore as a result of warming you
 

1371
00:25:17,039 --> 00:25:19,190
>> and therefore as a result of warming you
get an increase in carbon dioxide. That

1372
00:25:19,190 --> 00:25:19,200
get an increase in carbon dioxide. That
 

1373
00:25:19,200 --> 00:25:21,830
get an increase in carbon dioxide. That
is certainly an effect but you still

1374
00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:21,840
is certainly an effect but you still
 

1375
00:25:21,840 --> 00:25:24,390
is certainly an effect but you still
have to have the initial warming and the

1376
00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:24,400
have to have the initial warming and the
 

1377
00:25:24,400 --> 00:25:27,350
have to have the initial warming and the
initial warming during glacial um

1378
00:25:27,350 --> 00:25:27,360
initial warming during glacial um
 

1379
00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:31,110
initial warming during glacial um
deglaciation periods was the sun. That

1380
00:25:31,110 --> 00:25:31,120
deglaciation periods was the sun. That
 

1381
00:25:31,120 --> 00:25:33,029
deglaciation periods was the sun. That
is not the case anymore. We know and

1382
00:25:33,029 --> 00:25:33,039
is not the case anymore. We know and
 

1383
00:25:33,039 --> 00:25:34,070
is not the case anymore. We know and
here we're getting back to the argument

1384
00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:34,080
here we're getting back to the argument
 

1385
00:25:34,080 --> 00:25:35,669
here we're getting back to the argument
of the sun. We know that that recent

1386
00:25:35,669 --> 00:25:35,679
of the sun. We know that that recent
 

1387
00:25:35,679 --> 00:25:37,669
of the sun. We know that that recent
warming this is warming over the last 40

1388
00:25:37,669 --> 00:25:37,679
warming this is warming over the last 40
 

1389
00:25:37,679 --> 00:25:39,830
warming this is warming over the last 40
years has not been caused by the sun

1390
00:25:39,830 --> 00:25:39,840
years has not been caused by the sun
 

1391
00:25:39,840 --> 00:25:43,029
years has not been caused by the sun
because solar irradiance is measured by

1392
00:25:43,029 --> 00:25:43,039
because solar irradiance is measured by
 

1393
00:25:43,039 --> 00:25:44,710
because solar irradiance is measured by
satellite directly. There's no

1394
00:25:44,710 --> 00:25:44,720
satellite directly. There's no
 

1395
00:25:44,720 --> 00:25:46,070
satellite directly. There's no
interference from the atmosphere or

1396
00:25:46,070 --> 00:25:46,080
interference from the atmosphere or
 

1397
00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:49,110
interference from the atmosphere or
anything else. It's measured and it has

1398
00:25:49,110 --> 00:25:49,120
anything else. It's measured and it has
 

1399
00:25:49,120 --> 00:25:52,549
anything else. It's measured and it has
been stable and then decreasing over the

1400
00:25:52,549 --> 00:25:52,559
been stable and then decreasing over the
 

1401
00:25:52,559 --> 00:25:56,710
been stable and then decreasing over the
last what since 1950s last 70 years. So

1402
00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:56,720
last what since 1950s last 70 years. So
 

1403
00:25:56,720 --> 00:26:00,630
last what since 1950s last 70 years. So
um the clearly the sun is um is not

1404
00:26:00,630 --> 00:26:00,640
um the clearly the sun is um is not
 

1405
00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:05,430
um the clearly the sun is um is not
responsible for that. Um so I I I mean

1406
00:26:05,430 --> 00:26:05,440
responsible for that. Um so I I I mean
 

1407
00:26:05,440 --> 00:26:07,510
responsible for that. Um so I I I mean
sorry I'm I kind of lost the point

1408
00:26:07,510 --> 00:26:07,520
sorry I'm I kind of lost the point
 

1409
00:26:07,520 --> 00:26:08,630
sorry I'm I kind of lost the point
there. Um

1410
00:26:08,630 --> 00:26:08,640
there. Um
 

1411
00:26:08,640 --> 00:26:10,470
there. Um
>> well no I mean I I think that is

1412
00:26:10,470 --> 00:26:10,480
>> well no I mean I I think that is
 

1413
00:26:10,480 --> 00:26:12,470
>> well no I mean I I think that is
important like we're we're talking about

1414
00:26:12,470 --> 00:26:12,480
important like we're we're talking about
 

1415
00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:14,070
important like we're we're talking about
you know oh this changed and then the

1416
00:26:14,070 --> 00:26:14,080
you know oh this changed and then the
 

1417
00:26:14,080 --> 00:26:15,430
you know oh this changed and then the
CO2 changed so that

1418
00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:15,440
CO2 changed so that
 

1419
00:26:15,440 --> 00:26:17,430
CO2 changed so that
>> Oh yeah sorry. Yeah I got I got so much

1420
00:26:17,430 --> 00:26:17,440
>> Oh yeah sorry. Yeah I got I got so much
 

1421
00:26:17,440 --> 00:26:20,149
>> Oh yeah sorry. Yeah I got I got so much
of a tangent on I was I kind of got and

1422
00:26:20,149 --> 00:26:20,159
of a tangent on I was I kind of got and
 

1423
00:26:20,159 --> 00:26:21,990
of a tangent on I was I kind of got and
I want sorry I'll bring it back to that

1424
00:26:21,990 --> 00:26:22,000
I want sorry I'll bring it back to that
 

1425
00:26:22,000 --> 00:26:24,710
I want sorry I'll bring it back to that
point. So you you cannot say that the

1426
00:26:24,710 --> 00:26:24,720
point. So you you cannot say that the
 

1427
00:26:24,720 --> 00:26:28,149
point. So you you cannot say that the
sun is what is causing the warming now

1428
00:26:28,149 --> 00:26:28,159
sun is what is causing the warming now
 

1429
00:26:28,159 --> 00:26:30,070
sun is what is causing the warming now
that that you could certainly say that

1430
00:26:30,070 --> 00:26:30,080
that that you could certainly say that
 

1431
00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:32,630
that that you could certainly say that
during the delaciations the sun was the

1432
00:26:32,630 --> 00:26:32,640
during the delaciations the sun was the
 

1433
00:26:32,640 --> 00:26:34,549
during the delaciations the sun was the
principle and then carbon dioxide

1434
00:26:34,549 --> 00:26:34,559
principle and then carbon dioxide
 

1435
00:26:34,559 --> 00:26:36,390
principle and then carbon dioxide
followed. You certainly cannot say that

1436
00:26:36,390 --> 00:26:36,400
followed. You certainly cannot say that
 

1437
00:26:36,400 --> 00:26:39,190
followed. You certainly cannot say that
now and and obviously what's happening

1438
00:26:39,190 --> 00:26:39,200
now and and obviously what's happening
 

1439
00:26:39,200 --> 00:26:42,710
now and and obviously what's happening
now is that a lot of the carbon dioxide

1440
00:26:42,710 --> 00:26:42,720
now is that a lot of the carbon dioxide
 

1441
00:26:42,720 --> 00:26:45,510
now is that a lot of the carbon dioxide
that would normally be released from the

1442
00:26:45,510 --> 00:26:45,520
that would normally be released from the
 

1443
00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:47,990
that would normally be released from the
oceans because they're warming actually

1444
00:26:47,990 --> 00:26:48,000
oceans because they're warming actually
 

1445
00:26:48,000 --> 00:26:49,350
oceans because they're warming actually
the oceans are doing the opposite.

1446
00:26:49,350 --> 00:26:49,360
the oceans are doing the opposite.
 

1447
00:26:49,360 --> 00:26:51,110
the oceans are doing the opposite.
They're absorbing carbon dioxide. And

1448
00:26:51,110 --> 00:26:51,120
They're absorbing carbon dioxide. And
 

1449
00:26:51,120 --> 00:26:52,630
They're absorbing carbon dioxide. And
the reason for that is a thing called

1450
00:26:52,630 --> 00:26:52,640
the reason for that is a thing called
 

1451
00:26:52,640 --> 00:26:54,630
the reason for that is a thing called
partial pressure. And I won't get into

1452
00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:54,640
partial pressure. And I won't get into
 

1453
00:26:54,640 --> 00:26:56,390
partial pressure. And I won't get into
it. You know more about the physics than

1454
00:26:56,390 --> 00:26:56,400
it. You know more about the physics than
 

1455
00:26:56,400 --> 00:26:59,350
it. You know more about the physics than
I do. But but because we are now

1456
00:26:59,350 --> 00:26:59,360
I do. But but because we are now
 

1457
00:26:59,360 --> 00:27:01,669
I do. But but because we are now
increasing the concentration of CO2 so

1458
00:27:01,669 --> 00:27:01,679
increasing the concentration of CO2 so
 

1459
00:27:01,679 --> 00:27:04,310
increasing the concentration of CO2 so
much in the atmosphere that is actually

1460
00:27:04,310 --> 00:27:04,320
much in the atmosphere that is actually
 

1461
00:27:04,320 --> 00:27:06,630
much in the atmosphere that is actually
dissolving more in the oceans at a time

1462
00:27:06,630 --> 00:27:06,640
dissolving more in the oceans at a time
 

1463
00:27:06,640 --> 00:27:08,710
dissolving more in the oceans at a time
when they should be releasing it. And

1464
00:27:08,710 --> 00:27:08,720
when they should be releasing it. And
 

1465
00:27:08,720 --> 00:27:12,230
when they should be releasing it. And
the biggest danger for the future of uh

1466
00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:12,240
the biggest danger for the future of uh
 

1467
00:27:12,240 --> 00:27:16,070
the biggest danger for the future of uh
global warming is that there will be a

1468
00:27:16,070 --> 00:27:16,080
global warming is that there will be a
 

1469
00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:18,710
global warming is that there will be a
point at which the oceans will no longer

1470
00:27:18,710 --> 00:27:18,720
point at which the oceans will no longer
 

1471
00:27:18,720 --> 00:27:21,029
point at which the oceans will no longer
be able to absorb CO2 but will have

1472
00:27:21,029 --> 00:27:21,039
be able to absorb CO2 but will have
 

1473
00:27:21,039 --> 00:27:22,789
be able to absorb CO2 but will have
warmed so much they will start pushing

1474
00:27:22,789 --> 00:27:22,799
warmed so much they will start pushing
 

1475
00:27:22,799 --> 00:27:24,710
warmed so much they will start pushing
it back into the atmosphere.

1476
00:27:24,710 --> 00:27:24,720
it back into the atmosphere.
 

1477
00:27:24,720 --> 00:27:27,029
it back into the atmosphere.
>> It's a complicated thing and you can't

1478
00:27:27,029 --> 00:27:27,039
>> It's a complicated thing and you can't
 

1479
00:27:27,039 --> 00:27:28,789
>> It's a complicated thing and you can't
look back over the last 500 million

1480
00:27:28,789 --> 00:27:28,799
look back over the last 500 million
 

1481
00:27:28,799 --> 00:27:32,070
look back over the last 500 million
years certainly and say that CO2 lagged.

1482
00:27:32,070 --> 00:27:32,080
years certainly and say that CO2 lagged.
 

1483
00:27:32,080 --> 00:27:34,630
years certainly and say that CO2 lagged.
It was the instigator of almost every

1484
00:27:34,630 --> 00:27:34,640
It was the instigator of almost every
 

1485
00:27:34,640 --> 00:27:35,990
It was the instigator of almost every
warming period we've had.

1486
00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:36,000
warming period we've had.
 

1487
00:27:36,000 --> 00:27:38,149
warming period we've had.
>> Right. Yeah. this the the the amount of

1488
00:27:38,149 --> 00:27:38,159
>> Right. Yeah. this the the the amount of
 

1489
00:27:38,159 --> 00:27:39,830
>> Right. Yeah. this the the the amount of
CO2 in the and in the meantime

1490
00:27:39,830 --> 00:27:39,840
CO2 in the and in the meantime
 

1491
00:27:39,840 --> 00:27:42,070
CO2 in the and in the meantime
esphyxiating all the aquatic life and

1492
00:27:42,070 --> 00:27:42,080
esphyxiating all the aquatic life and
 

1493
00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:43,750
esphyxiating all the aquatic life and
everything but but I think that's the

1494
00:27:43,750 --> 00:27:43,760
everything but but I think that's the
 

1495
00:27:43,760 --> 00:27:46,230
everything but but I think that's the
main problem is that just people are not

1496
00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:46,240
main problem is that just people are not
 

1497
00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:48,310
main problem is that just people are not
especially

1498
00:27:48,310 --> 00:27:48,320
especially
 

1499
00:27:48,320 --> 00:27:49,750
especially
didn't study science or aren't

1500
00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:49,760
didn't study science or aren't
 

1501
00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:51,590
didn't study science or aren't
science-minded can't kind of wrap their

1502
00:27:51,590 --> 00:27:51,600
science-minded can't kind of wrap their
 

1503
00:27:51,600 --> 00:27:53,909
science-minded can't kind of wrap their
head around sort of this dynamic system

1504
00:27:53,909 --> 00:27:53,919
head around sort of this dynamic system
 

1505
00:27:53,919 --> 00:27:55,029
head around sort of this dynamic system
where you have all these different

1506
00:27:55,029 --> 00:27:55,039
where you have all these different
 

1507
00:27:55,039 --> 00:27:56,389
where you have all these different
inputs and then furthermore you have

1508
00:27:56,389 --> 00:27:56,399
inputs and then furthermore you have
 

1509
00:27:56,399 --> 00:27:58,389
inputs and then furthermore you have
feedback mechanisms. like what you're

1510
00:27:58,389 --> 00:27:58,399
feedback mechanisms. like what you're
 

1511
00:27:58,399 --> 00:28:00,149
feedback mechanisms. like what you're
saying about the first the warming

1512
00:28:00,149 --> 00:28:00,159
saying about the first the warming
 

1513
00:28:00,159 --> 00:28:03,269
saying about the first the warming
occurring um and then the release of

1514
00:28:03,269 --> 00:28:03,279
occurring um and then the release of
 

1515
00:28:03,279 --> 00:28:05,269
occurring um and then the release of
right it's just like you you have this

1516
00:28:05,269 --> 00:28:05,279
right it's just like you you have this
 

1517
00:28:05,279 --> 00:28:07,110
right it's just like you you have this
positive feedback where the warming is

1518
00:28:07,110 --> 00:28:07,120
positive feedback where the warming is
 

1519
00:28:07,120 --> 00:28:10,230
positive feedback where the warming is
causing more warming um there's just so

1520
00:28:10,230 --> 00:28:10,240
causing more warming um there's just so
 

1521
00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:11,909
causing more warming um there's just so
and then some negative feedback as well

1522
00:28:11,909 --> 00:28:11,919
and then some negative feedback as well
 

1523
00:28:11,919 --> 00:28:13,430
and then some negative feedback as well
right you did mention the reverse

1524
00:28:13,430 --> 00:28:13,440
right you did mention the reverse
 

1525
00:28:13,440 --> 00:28:14,950
right you did mention the reverse
happening as well and then there's all

1526
00:28:14,950 --> 00:28:14,960
happening as well and then there's all
 

1527
00:28:14,960 --> 00:28:16,950
happening as well and then there's all
these different aerosols and some of the

1528
00:28:16,950 --> 00:28:16,960
these different aerosols and some of the
 

1529
00:28:16,960 --> 00:28:18,630
these different aerosols and some of the
just like there's a lot of different

1530
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:18,640
just like there's a lot of different
 

1531
00:28:18,640 --> 00:28:20,389
just like there's a lot of different
factors at play so it is complicated

1532
00:28:20,389 --> 00:28:20,399
factors at play so it is complicated
 

1533
00:28:20,399 --> 00:28:23,990
factors at play so it is complicated
right it's not so uh cut and dry but um

1534
00:28:23,990 --> 00:28:24,000
right it's not so uh cut and dry but um
 

1535
00:28:24,000 --> 00:28:26,630
right it's not so uh cut and dry but um
but there's nothing to suggest that uh

1536
00:28:26,630 --> 00:28:26,640
but there's nothing to suggest that uh
 

1537
00:28:26,640 --> 00:28:28,710
but there's nothing to suggest that uh
that this is slowing down in any way,

1538
00:28:28,710 --> 00:28:28,720
that this is slowing down in any way,
 

1539
00:28:28,720 --> 00:28:30,710
that this is slowing down in any way,
shape, or form. That's for sure.

1540
00:28:30,710 --> 00:28:30,720
shape, or form. That's for sure.
 

1541
00:28:30,720 --> 00:28:32,070
shape, or form. That's for sure.
>> Yeah. And I I don't want to make people

1542
00:28:32,070 --> 00:28:32,080
>> Yeah. And I I don't want to make people
 

1543
00:28:32,080 --> 00:28:33,909
>> Yeah. And I I don't want to make people
to think it's so complicated they can't

1544
00:28:33,909 --> 00:28:33,919
to think it's so complicated they can't
 

1545
00:28:33,919 --> 00:28:36,149
to think it's so complicated they can't
grasp it because look, I I'm I was a

1546
00:28:36,149 --> 00:28:36,159
grasp it because look, I I'm I was a
 

1547
00:28:36,159 --> 00:28:38,549
grasp it because look, I I'm I was a
dunce at school and and uh if I can

1548
00:28:38,549 --> 00:28:38,559
dunce at school and and uh if I can
 

1549
00:28:38,559 --> 00:28:40,389
dunce at school and and uh if I can
grasp it, anyone can. And I I think that

1550
00:28:40,389 --> 00:28:40,399
grasp it, anyone can. And I I think that
 

1551
00:28:40,399 --> 00:28:42,710
grasp it, anyone can. And I I think that
was why I was so successful as a science

1552
00:28:42,710 --> 00:28:42,720
was why I was so successful as a science
 

1553
00:28:42,720 --> 00:28:44,070
was why I was so successful as a science
journalist because half the time I

1554
00:28:44,070 --> 00:28:44,080
journalist because half the time I
 

1555
00:28:44,080 --> 00:28:45,350
journalist because half the time I
didn't understand the things I was

1556
00:28:45,350 --> 00:28:45,360
didn't understand the things I was
 

1557
00:28:45,360 --> 00:28:47,110
didn't understand the things I was
reporting on. I had to get them to

1558
00:28:47,110 --> 00:28:47,120
reporting on. I had to get them to
 

1559
00:28:47,120 --> 00:28:49,430
reporting on. I had to get them to
explain it to me in really simple terms

1560
00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:49,440
explain it to me in really simple terms
 

1561
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:51,430
explain it to me in really simple terms
and that way I could explain it to the

1562
00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:51,440
and that way I could explain it to the
 

1563
00:28:51,440 --> 00:28:53,190
and that way I could explain it to the
readership and they would understand it.

1564
00:28:53,190 --> 00:28:53,200
readership and they would understand it.
 

1565
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:55,909
readership and they would understand it.
And um I I think that's that's the goal

1566
00:28:55,909 --> 00:28:55,919
And um I I think that's that's the goal
 

1567
00:28:55,919 --> 00:28:57,430
And um I I think that's that's the goal
of science communicators like us, I

1568
00:28:57,430 --> 00:28:57,440
of science communicators like us, I
 

1569
00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,669
of science communicators like us, I
think, is to make this accessible for

1570
00:28:59,669 --> 00:28:59,679
think, is to make this accessible for
 

1571
00:28:59,679 --> 00:29:01,669
think, is to make this accessible for
people. And

1572
00:29:01,669 --> 00:29:01,679
people. And
 

1573
00:29:01,679 --> 00:29:04,389
people. And
>> once you do understand it, then I I

1574
00:29:04,389 --> 00:29:04,399
>> once you do understand it, then I I
 

1575
00:29:04,399 --> 00:29:07,029
>> once you do understand it, then I I
think you you can then go out and

1576
00:29:07,029 --> 00:29:07,039
think you you can then go out and
 

1577
00:29:07,039 --> 00:29:09,909
think you you can then go out and
confront these um the these conspiracy

1578
00:29:09,909 --> 00:29:09,919
confront these um the these conspiracy
 

1579
00:29:09,919 --> 00:29:11,269
confront these um the these conspiracy
theorists on their own terms.

1580
00:29:11,269 --> 00:29:11,279
theorists on their own terms.
 

1581
00:29:11,279 --> 00:29:12,950
theorists on their own terms.
>> Absolutely. Yeah. And I love the method

1582
00:29:12,950 --> 00:29:12,960
>> Absolutely. Yeah. And I love the method
 

1583
00:29:12,960 --> 00:29:15,110
>> Absolutely. Yeah. And I love the method
of going socratic and just forcing them

1584
00:29:15,110 --> 00:29:15,120
of going socratic and just forcing them
 

1585
00:29:15,120 --> 00:29:18,310
of going socratic and just forcing them
to humiliate themselves. But um so let's

1586
00:29:18,310 --> 00:29:18,320
to humiliate themselves. But um so let's
 

1587
00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:20,710
to humiliate themselves. But um so let's
let's help given that we want the

1588
00:29:20,710 --> 00:29:20,720
let's help given that we want the
 

1589
00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:22,789
let's help given that we want the
viewers to kind of understand how

1590
00:29:22,789 --> 00:29:22,799
viewers to kind of understand how
 

1591
00:29:22,799 --> 00:29:24,870
viewers to kind of understand how
climate science works. There's all the

1592
00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:24,880
climate science works. There's all the
 

1593
00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:26,789
climate science works. There's all the
talk about you know oh all of these

1594
00:29:26,789 --> 00:29:26,799
talk about you know oh all of these
 

1595
00:29:26,799 --> 00:29:27,990
talk about you know oh all of these
projections they're all based on

1596
00:29:27,990 --> 00:29:28,000
projections they're all based on
 

1597
00:29:28,000 --> 00:29:29,669
projections they're all based on
computer models. It's not based on any

1598
00:29:29,669 --> 00:29:29,679
computer models. It's not based on any
 

1599
00:29:29,679 --> 00:29:31,909
computer models. It's not based on any
kind of data. It's all unreliable. What

1600
00:29:31,909 --> 00:29:31,919
kind of data. It's all unreliable. What
 

1601
00:29:31,919 --> 00:29:33,750
kind of data. It's all unreliable. What
like how are climate scientists

1602
00:29:33,750 --> 00:29:33,760
like how are climate scientists
 

1603
00:29:33,760 --> 00:29:35,430
like how are climate scientists
gathering data? How are the projections

1604
00:29:35,430 --> 00:29:35,440
gathering data? How are the projections
 

1605
00:29:35,440 --> 00:29:37,430
gathering data? How are the projections
made? How do we know they're reliable? I

1606
00:29:37,430 --> 00:29:37,440
made? How do we know they're reliable? I
 

1607
00:29:37,440 --> 00:29:38,950
made? How do we know they're reliable? I
mean we mentioned that the that many of

1608
00:29:38,950 --> 00:29:38,960
mean we mentioned that the that many of
 

1609
00:29:38,960 --> 00:29:41,430
mean we mentioned that the that many of
the predictions have been accurate. So

1610
00:29:41,430 --> 00:29:41,440
the predictions have been accurate. So
 

1611
00:29:41,440 --> 00:29:43,590
the predictions have been accurate. So
what just like the the the the quick

1612
00:29:43,590 --> 00:29:43,600
what just like the the the the quick
 

1613
00:29:43,600 --> 00:29:45,269
what just like the the the the quick
version of what are we doing? How are we

1614
00:29:45,269 --> 00:29:45,279
version of what are we doing? How are we
 

1615
00:29:45,279 --> 00:29:46,549
version of what are we doing? How are we
doing it?

1616
00:29:46,549 --> 00:29:46,559
doing it?
 

1617
00:29:46,559 --> 00:29:48,870
doing it?
Okay. I I mean the easiest argument

1618
00:29:48,870 --> 00:29:48,880
Okay. I I mean the easiest argument
 

1619
00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:50,950
Okay. I I mean the easiest argument
against this it's all computers. Well,

1620
00:29:50,950 --> 00:29:50,960
against this it's all computers. Well,
 

1621
00:29:50,960 --> 00:29:53,990
against this it's all computers. Well,
how come this this uh theory has been

1622
00:29:53,990 --> 00:29:54,000
how come this this uh theory has been
 

1623
00:29:54,000 --> 00:29:55,909
how come this this uh theory has been
around the hypothesis has been around

1624
00:29:55,909 --> 00:29:55,919
around the hypothesis has been around
 

1625
00:29:55,919 --> 00:29:58,310
around the hypothesis has been around
since the 1890s. There were no computers

1626
00:29:58,310 --> 00:29:58,320
since the 1890s. There were no computers
 

1627
00:29:58,320 --> 00:30:00,070
since the 1890s. There were no computers
back then. There were no computers in

1628
00:30:00,070 --> 00:30:00,080
back then. There were no computers in
 

1629
00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:02,630
back then. There were no computers in
the 1950s when it was consolidated

1630
00:30:02,630 --> 00:30:02,640
the 1950s when it was consolidated
 

1631
00:30:02,640 --> 00:30:05,350
the 1950s when it was consolidated
consolidated into a theory. Even in the

1632
00:30:05,350 --> 00:30:05,360
consolidated into a theory. Even in the
 

1633
00:30:05,360 --> 00:30:07,110
consolidated into a theory. Even in the
1960 none of this was done with

1634
00:30:07,110 --> 00:30:07,120
1960 none of this was done with
 

1635
00:30:07,120 --> 00:30:09,669
1960 none of this was done with
computers. This was all done with simple

1636
00:30:09,669 --> 00:30:09,679
computers. This was all done with simple
 

1637
00:30:09,679 --> 00:30:13,110
computers. This was all done with simple
physics and geology. it and and the

1638
00:30:13,110 --> 00:30:13,120
physics and geology. it and and the
 

1639
00:30:13,120 --> 00:30:16,789
physics and geology. it and and the
physics was the theory that um when they

1640
00:30:16,789 --> 00:30:16,799
physics was the theory that um when they
 

1641
00:30:16,799 --> 00:30:21,110
physics was the theory that um when they
looked at the effect of CO2 um as as a

1642
00:30:21,110 --> 00:30:21,120
looked at the effect of CO2 um as as a
 

1643
00:30:21,120 --> 00:30:23,350
looked at the effect of CO2 um as as a
um you know absorbing and remitting

1644
00:30:23,350 --> 00:30:23,360
um you know absorbing and remitting
 

1645
00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:25,269
um you know absorbing and remitting
radiation and so on they can measure

1646
00:30:25,269 --> 00:30:25,279
radiation and so on they can measure
 

1647
00:30:25,279 --> 00:30:27,269
radiation and so on they can measure
that in a laboratory you can do a

1648
00:30:27,269 --> 00:30:27,279
that in a laboratory you can do a
 

1649
00:30:27,279 --> 00:30:29,350
that in a laboratory you can do a
theoretical calculation that's all

1650
00:30:29,350 --> 00:30:29,360
theoretical calculation that's all
 

1651
00:30:29,360 --> 00:30:31,990
theoretical calculation that's all
theory but then when they actually got

1652
00:30:31,990 --> 00:30:32,000
theory but then when they actually got
 

1653
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:33,909
theory but then when they actually got
down and and started measuring it and

1654
00:30:33,909 --> 00:30:33,919
down and and started measuring it and
 

1655
00:30:33,919 --> 00:30:36,549
down and and started measuring it and
looking at the past that was confirmed

1656
00:30:36,549 --> 00:30:36,559
looking at the past that was confirmed
 

1657
00:30:36,559 --> 00:30:38,389
looking at the past that was confirmed
and that was all without computers at

1658
00:30:38,389 --> 00:30:38,399
and that was all without computers at
 

1659
00:30:38,399 --> 00:30:41,590
and that was all without computers at
all. uh all computers are doing are just

1660
00:30:41,590 --> 00:30:41,600
all. uh all computers are doing are just
 

1661
00:30:41,600 --> 00:30:43,830
all. uh all computers are doing are just
speeding up the process. I I guess the

1662
00:30:43,830 --> 00:30:43,840
speeding up the process. I I guess the
 

1663
00:30:43,840 --> 00:30:46,470
speeding up the process. I I guess the
way to look at this is the theory that

1664
00:30:46,470 --> 00:30:46,480
way to look at this is the theory that
 

1665
00:30:46,480 --> 00:30:49,750
way to look at this is the theory that
the sun is the center of the universe.

1666
00:30:49,750 --> 00:30:49,760
the sun is the center of the universe.
 

1667
00:30:49,760 --> 00:30:51,430
the sun is the center of the universe.
So hang on the center of the solar

1668
00:30:51,430 --> 00:30:51,440
So hang on the center of the solar
 

1669
00:30:51,440 --> 00:30:54,630
So hang on the center of the solar
system has been around since um

1670
00:30:54,630 --> 00:30:54,640
system has been around since um
 

1671
00:30:54,640 --> 00:30:56,710
system has been around since um
capernicus in 16th century you could

1672
00:30:56,710 --> 00:30:56,720
capernicus in 16th century you could
 

1673
00:30:56,720 --> 00:30:59,110
capernicus in 16th century you could
say. Now these days when you're working

1674
00:30:59,110 --> 00:30:59,120
say. Now these days when you're working
 

1675
00:30:59,120 --> 00:31:01,830
say. Now these days when you're working
out planetary motions the ancient Greeks

1676
00:31:01,830 --> 00:31:01,840
out planetary motions the ancient Greeks
 

1677
00:31:01,840 --> 00:31:03,830
out planetary motions the ancient Greeks
could do it without computers. We are

1678
00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:03,840
could do it without computers. We are
 

1679
00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:06,230
could do it without computers. We are
using computers today you know to

1680
00:31:06,230 --> 00:31:06,240
using computers today you know to
 

1681
00:31:06,240 --> 00:31:08,630
using computers today you know to
fine-tune it but they're not necessary

1682
00:31:08,630 --> 00:31:08,640
fine-tune it but they're not necessary
 

1683
00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:11,350
fine-tune it but they're not necessary
to understand the basic principle. All

1684
00:31:11,350 --> 00:31:11,360
to understand the basic principle. All
 

1685
00:31:11,360 --> 00:31:13,269
to understand the basic principle. All
computers are doing with climate change,

1686
00:31:13,269 --> 00:31:13,279
computers are doing with climate change,
 

1687
00:31:13,279 --> 00:31:14,950
computers are doing with climate change,
with plate tectonics, with anything else

1688
00:31:14,950 --> 00:31:14,960
with plate tectonics, with anything else
 

1689
00:31:14,960 --> 00:31:17,510
with plate tectonics, with anything else
in the modern world is just refining it,

1690
00:31:17,510 --> 00:31:17,520
in the modern world is just refining it,
 

1691
00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:19,190
in the modern world is just refining it,
getting it a little bit more accurate,

1692
00:31:19,190 --> 00:31:19,200
getting it a little bit more accurate,
 

1693
00:31:19,200 --> 00:31:20,950
getting it a little bit more accurate,
>> an order of magnitude more precision,

1694
00:31:20,950 --> 00:31:20,960
>> an order of magnitude more precision,
 

1695
00:31:20,960 --> 00:31:23,350
>> an order of magnitude more precision,
but the the principles are the same.

1696
00:31:23,350 --> 00:31:23,360
but the the principles are the same.
 

1697
00:31:23,360 --> 00:31:25,430
but the the principles are the same.
>> Yeah. It's like saying, well, okay, we

1698
00:31:25,430 --> 00:31:25,440
>> Yeah. It's like saying, well, okay, we
 

1699
00:31:25,440 --> 00:31:27,430
>> Yeah. It's like saying, well, okay, we
know that global warming is caused by

1700
00:31:27,430 --> 00:31:27,440
know that global warming is caused by
 

1701
00:31:27,440 --> 00:31:30,470
know that global warming is caused by
carbon dioxide and uh we know that

1702
00:31:30,470 --> 00:31:30,480
carbon dioxide and uh we know that
 

1703
00:31:30,480 --> 00:31:32,470
carbon dioxide and uh we know that
climate change is going to result. Where

1704
00:31:32,470 --> 00:31:32,480
climate change is going to result. Where
 

1705
00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:35,269
climate change is going to result. Where
exactly is that change going to be? How

1706
00:31:35,269 --> 00:31:35,279
exactly is that change going to be? How
 

1707
00:31:35,279 --> 00:31:36,789
exactly is that change going to be? How
much drier is this going to get? How

1708
00:31:36,789 --> 00:31:36,799
much drier is this going to get? How
 

1709
00:31:36,799 --> 00:31:38,789
much drier is this going to get? How
much wetter is that area going to get?

1710
00:31:38,789 --> 00:31:38,799
much wetter is that area going to get?
 

1711
00:31:38,799 --> 00:31:42,470
much wetter is that area going to get?
what's the wind um speeds and and the

1712
00:31:42,470 --> 00:31:42,480
what's the wind um speeds and and the
 

1713
00:31:42,480 --> 00:31:44,230
what's the wind um speeds and and the
circulation going to be like? That's

1714
00:31:44,230 --> 00:31:44,240
circulation going to be like? That's
 

1715
00:31:44,240 --> 00:31:47,830
circulation going to be like? That's
that is helped with computer models.

1716
00:31:47,830 --> 00:31:47,840
that is helped with computer models.
 

1717
00:31:47,840 --> 00:31:49,830
that is helped with computer models.
>> But so so then let's let's dig it a

1718
00:31:49,830 --> 00:31:49,840
>> But so so then let's let's dig it a
 

1719
00:31:49,840 --> 00:31:51,669
>> But so so then let's let's dig it a
little bit into some of the the the

1720
00:31:51,669 --> 00:31:51,679
little bit into some of the the the
 

1721
00:31:51,679 --> 00:31:53,990
little bit into some of the the the
physical data. Um what what are some of

1722
00:31:53,990 --> 00:31:54,000
physical data. Um what what are some of
 

1723
00:31:54,000 --> 00:31:56,789
physical data. Um what what are some of
the things that we're looking at?

1724
00:31:56,789 --> 00:31:56,799
the things that we're looking at?
 

1725
00:31:56,799 --> 00:31:59,909
the things that we're looking at?
>> Yeah. So I mean the best uh estimates at

1726
00:31:59,909 --> 00:31:59,919
>> Yeah. So I mean the best uh estimates at
 

1727
00:31:59,919 --> 00:32:01,990
>> Yeah. So I mean the best uh estimates at
the moment and this is um where they all

1728
00:32:01,990 --> 00:32:02,000
the moment and this is um where they all
 

1729
00:32:02,000 --> 00:32:04,789
the moment and this is um where they all
cluster. uh everything's got a margin of

1730
00:32:04,789 --> 00:32:04,799
cluster. uh everything's got a margin of
 

1731
00:32:04,799 --> 00:32:06,870
cluster. uh everything's got a margin of
error and the best estimates at the

1732
00:32:06,870 --> 00:32:06,880
error and the best estimates at the
 

1733
00:32:06,880 --> 00:32:08,870
error and the best estimates at the
moment is that a double doubling of of

1734
00:32:08,870 --> 00:32:08,880
moment is that a double doubling of of
 

1735
00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:11,830
moment is that a double doubling of of
carbon dioxide will lead to around about

1736
00:32:11,830 --> 00:32:11,840
carbon dioxide will lead to around about
 

1737
00:32:11,840 --> 00:32:14,630
carbon dioxide will lead to around about
a 3°ree centigrade increase in warming.

1738
00:32:14,630 --> 00:32:14,640
a 3°ree centigrade increase in warming.
 

1739
00:32:14,640 --> 00:32:17,269
a 3°ree centigrade increase in warming.
This is a what's called an equilibrium

1740
00:32:17,269 --> 00:32:17,279
This is a what's called an equilibrium
 

1741
00:32:17,279 --> 00:32:20,950
This is a what's called an equilibrium
temperature because uh as you mentioned

1742
00:32:20,950 --> 00:32:20,960
temperature because uh as you mentioned
 

1743
00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:23,509
temperature because uh as you mentioned
when you increase carbon dioxide you

1744
00:32:23,509 --> 00:32:23,519
when you increase carbon dioxide you
 

1745
00:32:23,519 --> 00:32:25,509
when you increase carbon dioxide you
also have other factors which amplify

1746
00:32:25,509 --> 00:32:25,519
also have other factors which amplify
 

1747
00:32:25,519 --> 00:32:27,110
also have other factors which amplify
that warming. So the carbon dioxide

1748
00:32:27,110 --> 00:32:27,120
that warming. So the carbon dioxide
 

1749
00:32:27,120 --> 00:32:30,230
that warming. So the carbon dioxide
itself will cause around about 1.1

1750
00:32:30,230 --> 00:32:30,240
itself will cause around about 1.1
 

1751
00:32:30,240 --> 00:32:32,950
itself will cause around about 1.1
degree of warming for a doubling. But

1752
00:32:32,950 --> 00:32:32,960
degree of warming for a doubling. But
 

1753
00:32:32,960 --> 00:32:36,149
degree of warming for a doubling. But
it's the it's the amplification of that

1754
00:32:36,149 --> 00:32:36,159
it's the it's the amplification of that
 

1755
00:32:36,159 --> 00:32:38,310
it's the it's the amplification of that
by the atmosphere for example being able

1756
00:32:38,310 --> 00:32:38,320
by the atmosphere for example being able
 

1757
00:32:38,320 --> 00:32:40,470
by the atmosphere for example being able
to hold more water vapor and water water

1758
00:32:40,470 --> 00:32:40,480
to hold more water vapor and water water
 

1759
00:32:40,480 --> 00:32:41,990
to hold more water vapor and water water
vapor is an incredibly powerful

1760
00:32:41,990 --> 00:32:42,000
vapor is an incredibly powerful
 

1761
00:32:42,000 --> 00:32:44,870
vapor is an incredibly powerful
greenhouse gas. Um and that will amplify

1762
00:32:44,870 --> 00:32:44,880
greenhouse gas. Um and that will amplify
 

1763
00:32:44,880 --> 00:32:47,590
greenhouse gas. Um and that will amplify
the warming and that will cause you know

1764
00:32:47,590 --> 00:32:47,600
the warming and that will cause you know
 

1765
00:32:47,600 --> 00:32:50,310
the warming and that will cause you know
release of methane and other things from

1766
00:32:50,310 --> 00:32:50,320
release of methane and other things from
 

1767
00:32:50,320 --> 00:32:53,029
release of methane and other things from
arctic perafrost and and other offense

1768
00:32:53,029 --> 00:32:53,039
arctic perafrost and and other offense
 

1769
00:32:53,039 --> 00:32:55,430
arctic perafrost and and other offense
and also one of the most crucial is the

1770
00:32:55,430 --> 00:32:55,440
and also one of the most crucial is the
 

1771
00:32:55,440 --> 00:32:57,029
and also one of the most crucial is the
melting

1772
00:32:57,029 --> 00:32:57,039
melting
 

1773
00:32:57,039 --> 00:32:59,669
melting
ice which is going to reveal dark ocean

1774
00:32:59,669 --> 00:32:59,679
ice which is going to reveal dark ocean
 

1775
00:32:59,679 --> 00:33:02,310
ice which is going to reveal dark ocean
water and dark land which will reduce

1776
00:33:02,310 --> 00:33:02,320
water and dark land which will reduce
 

1777
00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:05,029
water and dark land which will reduce
the earth's reflectivity. So ultimately

1778
00:33:05,029 --> 00:33:05,039
the earth's reflectivity. So ultimately
 

1779
00:33:05,039 --> 00:33:07,750
the earth's reflectivity. So ultimately
that 1.1 will translate into basically a

1780
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:07,760
that 1.1 will translate into basically a
 

1781
00:33:07,760 --> 00:33:11,029
that 1.1 will translate into basically a
threederee centigrade mode of warming.

1782
00:33:11,029 --> 00:33:11,039
threederee centigrade mode of warming.
 

1783
00:33:11,039 --> 00:33:12,630
threederee centigrade mode of warming.
And people say, "Yeah, but this is way

1784
00:33:12,630 --> 00:33:12,640
And people say, "Yeah, but this is way
 

1785
00:33:12,640 --> 00:33:13,990
And people say, "Yeah, but this is way
into the future." But the thing is we

1786
00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:14,000
into the future." But the thing is we
 

1787
00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:15,269
into the future." But the thing is we
are beginning to see the effects now.

1788
00:33:15,269 --> 00:33:15,279
are beginning to see the effects now.
 

1789
00:33:15,279 --> 00:33:16,870
are beginning to see the effects now.
And I think the canary in the coal mine

1790
00:33:16,870 --> 00:33:16,880
And I think the canary in the coal mine
 

1791
00:33:16,880 --> 00:33:21,669
And I think the canary in the coal mine
for me is the glaciers because uh they

1792
00:33:21,669 --> 00:33:21,679
for me is the glaciers because uh they
 

1793
00:33:21,679 --> 00:33:25,110
for me is the glaciers because uh they
are retreating so fast and so so quickly

1794
00:33:25,110 --> 00:33:25,120
are retreating so fast and so so quickly
 

1795
00:33:25,120 --> 00:33:28,070
are retreating so fast and so so quickly
that either they are melting uh to the

1796
00:33:28,070 --> 00:33:28,080
that either they are melting uh to the
 

1797
00:33:28,080 --> 00:33:30,070
that either they are melting uh to the
extent that in the spring they are

1798
00:33:30,070 --> 00:33:30,080
extent that in the spring they are
 

1799
00:33:30,080 --> 00:33:32,470
extent that in the spring they are
flooding uh the rivers, flooding

1800
00:33:32,470 --> 00:33:32,480
flooding uh the rivers, flooding
 

1801
00:33:32,480 --> 00:33:35,029
flooding uh the rivers, flooding
agricultural areas, uh eroding river

1802
00:33:35,029 --> 00:33:35,039
agricultural areas, uh eroding river
 

1803
00:33:35,039 --> 00:33:37,509
agricultural areas, uh eroding river
banks and so on. or they've been

1804
00:33:37,509 --> 00:33:37,519
banks and so on. or they've been
 

1805
00:33:37,519 --> 00:33:39,509
banks and so on. or they've been
depleted so much that they're causing

1806
00:33:39,509 --> 00:33:39,519
depleted so much that they're causing
 

1807
00:33:39,519 --> 00:33:41,669
depleted so much that they're causing
water shortages. Um, and that's

1808
00:33:41,669 --> 00:33:41,679
water shortages. Um, and that's
 

1809
00:33:41,679 --> 00:33:42,950
water shortages. Um, and that's
happening, for example, in places like

1810
00:33:42,950 --> 00:33:42,960
happening, for example, in places like
 

1811
00:33:42,960 --> 00:33:44,789
happening, for example, in places like
Bolivia. And we're already seeing that.

1812
00:33:44,789 --> 00:33:44,799
Bolivia. And we're already seeing that.
 

1813
00:33:44,799 --> 00:33:47,190
Bolivia. And we're already seeing that.
We are even, and never thought I would

1814
00:33:47,190 --> 00:33:47,200
We are even, and never thought I would
 

1815
00:33:47,200 --> 00:33:49,590
We are even, and never thought I would
see this, but but we're even seeing real

1816
00:33:49,590 --> 00:33:49,600
see this, but but we're even seeing real
 

1817
00:33:49,600 --> 00:33:51,669
see this, but but we're even seeing real
estate in Miami being affected. Not

1818
00:33:51,669 --> 00:33:51,679
estate in Miami being affected. Not
 

1819
00:33:51,679 --> 00:33:53,269
estate in Miami being affected. Not
because sea levels are going to flood

1820
00:33:53,269 --> 00:33:53,279
because sea levels are going to flood
 

1821
00:33:53,279 --> 00:33:55,830
because sea levels are going to flood
Miami, but because the king tides that

1822
00:33:55,830 --> 00:33:55,840
Miami, but because the king tides that
 

1823
00:33:55,840 --> 00:33:57,750
Miami, but because the king tides that
occasionally come are going to get worse

1824
00:33:57,750 --> 00:33:57,760
occasionally come are going to get worse
 

1825
00:33:57,760 --> 00:33:59,269
occasionally come are going to get worse
in certain areas. And they're looking

1826
00:33:59,269 --> 00:33:59,279
in certain areas. And they're looking
 

1827
00:33:59,279 --> 00:34:01,830
in certain areas. And they're looking
ahead now 50 years. You're getting a 25

1828
00:34:01,830 --> 00:34:01,840
ahead now 50 years. You're getting a 25
 

1829
00:34:01,840 --> 00:34:04,389
ahead now 50 years. You're getting a 25
year mortgage on a house. you're now

1830
00:34:04,389 --> 00:34:04,399
year mortgage on a house. you're now
 

1831
00:34:04,399 --> 00:34:06,710
year mortgage on a house. you're now
beginning to look in generational terms

1832
00:34:06,710 --> 00:34:06,720
beginning to look in generational terms
 

1833
00:34:06,720 --> 00:34:09,669
beginning to look in generational terms
at what global warming will do. So I

1834
00:34:09,669 --> 00:34:09,679
at what global warming will do. So I
 

1835
00:34:09,679 --> 00:34:11,349
at what global warming will do. So I
never use the argument that we're going

1836
00:34:11,349 --> 00:34:11,359
never use the argument that we're going
 

1837
00:34:11,359 --> 00:34:13,510
never use the argument that we're going
to, you know, the whole human race is

1838
00:34:13,510 --> 00:34:13,520
to, you know, the whole human race is
 

1839
00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:15,349
to, you know, the whole human race is
going to be extinct. That's Yeah, it's

1840
00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:15,359
going to be extinct. That's Yeah, it's
 

1841
00:34:15,359 --> 00:34:15,909
going to be extinct. That's Yeah, it's
speculation,

1842
00:34:15,909 --> 00:34:15,919
speculation,
 

1843
00:34:15,919 --> 00:34:16,629
speculation,
>> right?

1844
00:34:16,629 --> 00:34:16,639
>> right?
 

1845
00:34:16,639 --> 00:34:18,230
>> right?
>> And and it's pointless even to talk

1846
00:34:18,230 --> 00:34:18,240
>> And and it's pointless even to talk
 

1847
00:34:18,240 --> 00:34:20,470
>> And and it's pointless even to talk
about it. But you talk about the

1848
00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:20,480
about it. But you talk about the
 

1849
00:34:20,480 --> 00:34:22,230
about it. But you talk about the
economics, you talk about whether

1850
00:34:22,230 --> 00:34:22,240
economics, you talk about whether
 

1851
00:34:22,240 --> 00:34:23,990
economics, you talk about whether
people's jobs will be at stake or their

1852
00:34:23,990 --> 00:34:24,000
people's jobs will be at stake or their
 

1853
00:34:24,000 --> 00:34:25,750
people's jobs will be at stake or their
kids' jobs or whether they have to pay

1854
00:34:25,750 --> 00:34:25,760
kids' jobs or whether they have to pay
 

1855
00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:28,629
kids' jobs or whether they have to pay
more in taxes and you start explaining

1856
00:34:28,629 --> 00:34:28,639
more in taxes and you start explaining
 

1857
00:34:28,639 --> 00:34:31,270
more in taxes and you start explaining
where why that is true. people will

1858
00:34:31,270 --> 00:34:31,280
where why that is true. people will
 

1859
00:34:31,280 --> 00:34:33,190
where why that is true. people will
start uh listening to that,

1860
00:34:33,190 --> 00:34:33,200
start uh listening to that,
 

1861
00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:35,109
start uh listening to that,
>> right? Yeah. I think this is a good a

1862
00:34:35,109 --> 00:34:35,119
>> right? Yeah. I think this is a good a
 

1863
00:34:35,119 --> 00:34:36,869
>> right? Yeah. I think this is a good a
good thing to talk about because there's

1864
00:34:36,869 --> 00:34:36,879
good thing to talk about because there's
 

1865
00:34:36,879 --> 00:34:38,389
good thing to talk about because there's
a lot of people just go, "Oh, two

1866
00:34:38,389 --> 00:34:38,399
a lot of people just go, "Oh, two
 

1867
00:34:38,399 --> 00:34:40,869
a lot of people just go, "Oh, two
degrees hotter. Who cares?" Like the

1868
00:34:40,869 --> 00:34:40,879
degrees hotter. Who cares?" Like the
 

1869
00:34:40,879 --> 00:34:42,629
degrees hotter. Who cares?" Like the
summer's hot, cold, whatever. Like

1870
00:34:42,629 --> 00:34:42,639
summer's hot, cold, whatever. Like
 

1871
00:34:42,639 --> 00:34:45,430
summer's hot, cold, whatever. Like
there's all huge fluctuation seasonally.

1872
00:34:45,430 --> 00:34:45,440
there's all huge fluctuation seasonally.
 

1873
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:47,510
there's all huge fluctuation seasonally.
Um but they're not getting like, you

1874
00:34:47,510 --> 00:34:47,520
Um but they're not getting like, you
 

1875
00:34:47,520 --> 00:34:49,109
Um but they're not getting like, you
know, we're talking about uh the ice

1876
00:34:49,109 --> 00:34:49,119
know, we're talking about uh the ice
 

1877
00:34:49,119 --> 00:34:51,669
know, we're talking about uh the ice
caps. What are what are people missing?

1878
00:34:51,669 --> 00:34:51,679
caps. What are what are people missing?
 

1879
00:34:51,679 --> 00:34:53,589
caps. What are what are people missing?
Right? We're talking about sea level

1880
00:34:53,589 --> 00:34:53,599
Right? We're talking about sea level
 

1881
00:34:53,599 --> 00:34:55,589
Right? We're talking about sea level
rising. We're talking about uh ocean

1882
00:34:55,589 --> 00:34:55,599
rising. We're talking about uh ocean
 

1883
00:34:55,599 --> 00:34:57,430
rising. We're talking about uh ocean
currents being disrupted. we're talking

1884
00:34:57,430 --> 00:34:57,440
currents being disrupted. we're talking
 

1885
00:34:57,440 --> 00:34:59,190
currents being disrupted. we're talking
like what are some of the things that

1886
00:34:59,190 --> 00:34:59,200
like what are some of the things that
 

1887
00:34:59,200 --> 00:35:00,870
like what are some of the things that
they're not thinking about in terms of

1888
00:35:00,870 --> 00:35:00,880
they're not thinking about in terms of
 

1889
00:35:00,880 --> 00:35:02,950
they're not thinking about in terms of
what this damage will be with this?

1890
00:35:02,950 --> 00:35:02,960
what this damage will be with this?
 

1891
00:35:02,960 --> 00:35:04,310
what this damage will be with this?
>> If you want to go further down the

1892
00:35:04,310 --> 00:35:04,320
>> If you want to go further down the
 

1893
00:35:04,320 --> 00:35:05,829
>> If you want to go further down the
track, I mean, one of the the big

1894
00:35:05,829 --> 00:35:05,839
track, I mean, one of the the big
 

1895
00:35:05,839 --> 00:35:08,550
track, I mean, one of the the big
problems is when we talk about 3 degrees

1896
00:35:08,550 --> 00:35:08,560
problems is when we talk about 3 degrees
 

1897
00:35:08,560 --> 00:35:10,870
problems is when we talk about 3 degrees
of of warming, um, of course, we're

1898
00:35:10,870 --> 00:35:10,880
of of warming, um, of course, we're
 

1899
00:35:10,880 --> 00:35:13,430
of of warming, um, of course, we're
talking Celsius and one of the big

1900
00:35:13,430 --> 00:35:13,440
talking Celsius and one of the big
 

1901
00:35:13,440 --> 00:35:15,030
talking Celsius and one of the big
problems in the United States is you

1902
00:35:15,030 --> 00:35:15,040
problems in the United States is you
 

1903
00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:16,710
problems in the United States is you
guys are still using this, right?

1904
00:35:16,710 --> 00:35:16,720
guys are still using this, right?
 

1905
00:35:16,720 --> 00:35:19,910
guys are still using this, right?
>> I don't know when this Fahrenheit thing

1906
00:35:19,910 --> 00:35:19,920
>> I don't know when this Fahrenheit thing
 

1907
00:35:19,920 --> 00:35:21,190
>> I don't know when this Fahrenheit thing
or fatter degrees.

1908
00:35:21,190 --> 00:35:21,200
or fatter degrees.
 

1909
00:35:21,200 --> 00:35:23,030
or fatter degrees.
>> It's actually bigger. I I wish we would

1910
00:35:23,030 --> 00:35:23,040
>> It's actually bigger. I I wish we would
 

1911
00:35:23,040 --> 00:35:24,790
>> It's actually bigger. I I wish we would
use Fahrenheit and more Americans might

1912
00:35:24,790 --> 00:35:24,800
use Fahrenheit and more Americans might
 

1913
00:35:24,800 --> 00:35:26,550
use Fahrenheit and more Americans might
wake up and say, "Wow, actually that's

1914
00:35:26,550 --> 00:35:26,560
wake up and say, "Wow, actually that's
 

1915
00:35:26,560 --> 00:35:28,550
wake up and say, "Wow, actually that's
quite a large amount." But uh I can't

1916
00:35:28,550 --> 00:35:28,560
quite a large amount." But uh I can't
 

1917
00:35:28,560 --> 00:35:30,310
quite a large amount." But uh I can't
remember what the figure of 3 degrees

1918
00:35:30,310 --> 00:35:30,320
remember what the figure of 3 degrees
 

1919
00:35:30,320 --> 00:35:32,710
remember what the figure of 3 degrees
centiggra is. I think at 5.4 Fahrenheit,

1920
00:35:32,710 --> 00:35:32,720
centiggra is. I think at 5.4 Fahrenheit,
 

1921
00:35:32,720 --> 00:35:34,710
centiggra is. I think at 5.4 Fahrenheit,
>> something like that.

1922
00:35:34,710 --> 00:35:34,720
>> something like that.
 

1923
00:35:34,720 --> 00:35:37,270
>> something like that.
>> Even you might notice that on a on a

1924
00:35:37,270 --> 00:35:37,280
>> Even you might notice that on a on a
 

1925
00:35:37,280 --> 00:35:38,630
>> Even you might notice that on a on a
warm day, you'd notice the difference,

1926
00:35:38,630 --> 00:35:38,640
warm day, you'd notice the difference,
 

1927
00:35:38,640 --> 00:35:40,550
warm day, you'd notice the difference,
but that's not the crucial thing. The

1928
00:35:40,550 --> 00:35:40,560
but that's not the crucial thing. The
 

1929
00:35:40,560 --> 00:35:43,190
but that's not the crucial thing. The
crucial thing is that plants notice it.

1930
00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:43,200
crucial thing is that plants notice it.
 

1931
00:35:43,200 --> 00:35:46,710
crucial thing is that plants notice it.
And um we the the ocean definitely

1932
00:35:46,710 --> 00:35:46,720
And um we the the ocean definitely
 

1933
00:35:46,720 --> 00:35:49,109
And um we the the ocean definitely
notices it because it's not just the

1934
00:35:49,109 --> 00:35:49,119
notices it because it's not just the
 

1935
00:35:49,119 --> 00:35:50,870
notices it because it's not just the
melting glaciers and the ice

1936
00:35:50,870 --> 00:35:50,880
melting glaciers and the ice
 

1937
00:35:50,880 --> 00:35:52,390
melting glaciers and the ice
>> thermal expansion.

1938
00:35:52,390 --> 00:35:52,400
>> thermal expansion.
 

1939
00:35:52,400 --> 00:35:53,990
>> thermal expansion.
>> It's exactly right. It's thermal

1940
00:35:53,990 --> 00:35:54,000
>> It's exactly right. It's thermal
 

1941
00:35:54,000 --> 00:35:56,710
>> It's exactly right. It's thermal
expansion. As you warm water, it expands

1942
00:35:56,710 --> 00:35:56,720
expansion. As you warm water, it expands
 

1943
00:35:56,720 --> 00:35:59,109
expansion. As you warm water, it expands
and that is going to be the biggest

1944
00:35:59,109 --> 00:35:59,119
and that is going to be the biggest
 

1945
00:35:59,119 --> 00:36:01,030
and that is going to be the biggest
thing that over time is going to start

1946
00:36:01,030 --> 00:36:01,040
thing that over time is going to start
 

1947
00:36:01,040 --> 00:36:03,589
thing that over time is going to start
increasing it. Now we have set our

1948
00:36:03,589 --> 00:36:03,599
increasing it. Now we have set our
 

1949
00:36:03,599 --> 00:36:05,349
increasing it. Now we have set our
economy up and again I want to talk

1950
00:36:05,349 --> 00:36:05,359
economy up and again I want to talk
 

1951
00:36:05,359 --> 00:36:06,950
economy up and again I want to talk
economy because that's what people are

1952
00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:06,960
economy because that's what people are
 

1953
00:36:06,960 --> 00:36:09,750
economy because that's what people are
interested in. we we've set the economy

1954
00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:09,760
interested in. we we've set the economy
 

1955
00:36:09,760 --> 00:36:13,349
interested in. we we've set the economy
up to uh function in the world that

1956
00:36:13,349 --> 00:36:13,359
up to uh function in the world that
 

1957
00:36:13,359 --> 00:36:16,550
up to uh function in the world that
we've had for the last 150 years. Um and

1958
00:36:16,550 --> 00:36:16,560
we've had for the last 150 years. Um and
 

1959
00:36:16,560 --> 00:36:17,990
we've had for the last 150 years. Um and
that's been the climate that we've had

1960
00:36:17,990 --> 00:36:18,000
that's been the climate that we've had
 

1961
00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:19,750
that's been the climate that we've had
for the last 150 years since the

1962
00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:19,760
for the last 150 years since the
 

1963
00:36:19,760 --> 00:36:22,390
for the last 150 years since the
invention of electricity and the motorc

1964
00:36:22,390 --> 00:36:22,400
invention of electricity and the motorc
 

1965
00:36:22,400 --> 00:36:24,550
invention of electricity and the motorc
car and telephone and everything else,

1966
00:36:24,550 --> 00:36:24,560
car and telephone and everything else,
 

1967
00:36:24,560 --> 00:36:26,310
car and telephone and everything else,
cinematography, that's the modern age

1968
00:36:26,310 --> 00:36:26,320
cinematography, that's the modern age
 

1969
00:36:26,320 --> 00:36:27,910
cinematography, that's the modern age
that we live in. So all our

1970
00:36:27,910 --> 00:36:27,920
that we live in. So all our
 

1971
00:36:27,920 --> 00:36:30,710
that we live in. So all our
infrastructure, our port infrastructure

1972
00:36:30,710 --> 00:36:30,720
infrastructure, our port infrastructure
 

1973
00:36:30,720 --> 00:36:34,069
infrastructure, our port infrastructure
um has been set to certain sea levels.

1974
00:36:34,069 --> 00:36:34,079
um has been set to certain sea levels.
 

1975
00:36:34,079 --> 00:36:37,270
um has been set to certain sea levels.
Um, and it's not just the fact that sea

1976
00:36:37,270 --> 00:36:37,280
Um, and it's not just the fact that sea
 

1977
00:36:37,280 --> 00:36:38,470
Um, and it's not just the fact that sea
levels are going to rise. They're not

1978
00:36:38,470 --> 00:36:38,480
levels are going to rise. They're not
 

1979
00:36:38,480 --> 00:36:40,150
levels are going to rise. They're not
going to suddenly flood New York or

1980
00:36:40,150 --> 00:36:40,160
going to suddenly flood New York or
 

1981
00:36:40,160 --> 00:36:42,069
going to suddenly flood New York or
Miami overnight,

1982
00:36:42,069 --> 00:36:42,079
Miami overnight,
 

1983
00:36:42,079 --> 00:36:46,069
Miami overnight,
but they they will cause problems with

1984
00:36:46,069 --> 00:36:46,079
but they they will cause problems with
 

1985
00:36:46,079 --> 00:36:47,750
but they they will cause problems with
salination, which is salt water

1986
00:36:47,750 --> 00:36:47,760
salination, which is salt water
 

1987
00:36:47,760 --> 00:36:50,390
salination, which is salt water
intruding into freshwater areas. And

1988
00:36:50,390 --> 00:36:50,400
intruding into freshwater areas. And
 

1989
00:36:50,400 --> 00:36:51,510
intruding into freshwater areas. And
there is going to be problem with fresh

1990
00:36:51,510 --> 00:36:51,520
there is going to be problem with fresh
 

1991
00:36:51,520 --> 00:36:53,750
there is going to be problem with fresh
water in the future. And over time, if

1992
00:36:53,750 --> 00:36:53,760
water in the future. And over time, if
 

1993
00:36:53,760 --> 00:36:55,270
water in the future. And over time, if
we're looking hundreds of years ahead,

1994
00:36:55,270 --> 00:36:55,280
we're looking hundreds of years ahead,
 

1995
00:36:55,280 --> 00:36:57,510
we're looking hundreds of years ahead,
of course, everything that we built is

1996
00:36:57,510 --> 00:36:57,520
of course, everything that we built is
 

1997
00:36:57,520 --> 00:36:59,589
of course, everything that we built is
going to have to be moved in land. Now,

1998
00:36:59,589 --> 00:36:59,599
going to have to be moved in land. Now,
 

1999
00:36:59,599 --> 00:37:01,030
going to have to be moved in land. Now,
if you're going to move it in land, how

2000
00:37:01,030 --> 00:37:01,040
if you're going to move it in land, how
 

2001
00:37:01,040 --> 00:37:03,750
if you're going to move it in land, how
far are you going to go? And if if you

2002
00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:03,760
far are you going to go? And if if you
 

2003
00:37:03,760 --> 00:37:06,310
far are you going to go? And if if you
are going to go that far, um it's going

2004
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:06,320
are going to go that far, um it's going
 

2005
00:37:06,320 --> 00:37:08,150
are going to go that far, um it's going
to catch up with you because the last

2006
00:37:08,150 --> 00:37:08,160
to catch up with you because the last
 

2007
00:37:08,160 --> 00:37:11,190
to catch up with you because the last
time we we had ice claps melting, the

2008
00:37:11,190 --> 00:37:11,200
time we we had ice claps melting, the
 

2009
00:37:11,200 --> 00:37:14,550
time we we had ice claps melting, the
sea the sea level rose around 400 ft.

2010
00:37:14,550 --> 00:37:14,560
sea the sea level rose around 400 ft.
 

2011
00:37:14,560 --> 00:37:16,550
sea the sea level rose around 400 ft.
>> Uh we're not going to get that in the

2012
00:37:16,550 --> 00:37:16,560
>> Uh we're not going to get that in the
 

2013
00:37:16,560 --> 00:37:18,630
>> Uh we're not going to get that in the
short term. But I mean, if nothing is

2014
00:37:18,630 --> 00:37:18,640
short term. But I mean, if nothing is
 

2015
00:37:18,640 --> 00:37:20,550
short term. But I mean, if nothing is
done, clearly this is something.

2016
00:37:20,550 --> 00:37:20,560
done, clearly this is something.
 

2017
00:37:20,560 --> 00:37:22,310
done, clearly this is something.
>> Yeah. Over the centuries, we will get

2018
00:37:22,310 --> 00:37:22,320
>> Yeah. Over the centuries, we will get
 

2019
00:37:22,320 --> 00:37:22,630
>> Yeah. Over the centuries, we will get
that.

2020
00:37:22,630 --> 00:37:22,640
that.
 

2021
00:37:22,640 --> 00:37:23,829
that.
>> Over the centuries, we're going to do

2022
00:37:23,829 --> 00:37:23,839
>> Over the centuries, we're going to do
 

2023
00:37:23,839 --> 00:37:26,630
>> Over the centuries, we're going to do
the but the problem I have and I'm not

2024
00:37:26,630 --> 00:37:26,640
the but the problem I have and I'm not
 

2025
00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:28,069
the but the problem I have and I'm not
sure if you have this too, but people

2026
00:37:28,069 --> 00:37:28,079
sure if you have this too, but people
 

2027
00:37:28,079 --> 00:37:29,510
sure if you have this too, but people
don't think centuries ahead. they're

2028
00:37:29,510 --> 00:37:29,520
don't think centuries ahead. they're
 

2029
00:37:29,520 --> 00:37:31,910
don't think centuries ahead. they're
looking ahead next week or next month

2030
00:37:31,910 --> 00:37:31,920
looking ahead next week or next month
 

2031
00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:34,069
looking ahead next week or next month
and you know and and this is the

2032
00:37:34,069 --> 00:37:34,079
and you know and and this is the
 

2033
00:37:34,079 --> 00:37:37,190
and you know and and this is the
difficult thing and this is why I I tend

2034
00:37:37,190 --> 00:37:37,200
difficult thing and this is why I I tend
 

2035
00:37:37,200 --> 00:37:38,950
difficult thing and this is why I I tend
to sort of focus on what's going to

2036
00:37:38,950 --> 00:37:38,960
to sort of focus on what's going to
 

2037
00:37:38,960 --> 00:37:40,870
to sort of focus on what's going to
happen over the next 20 30 years. What's

2038
00:37:40,870 --> 00:37:40,880
happen over the next 20 30 years. What's
 

2039
00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:42,630
happen over the next 20 30 years. What's
going to happen to your children or your

2040
00:37:42,630 --> 00:37:42,640
going to happen to your children or your
 

2041
00:37:42,640 --> 00:37:45,190
going to happen to your children or your
grandchildren? um even if you think it's

2042
00:37:45,190 --> 00:37:45,200
grandchildren? um even if you think it's
 

2043
00:37:45,200 --> 00:37:46,790
grandchildren? um even if you think it's
not going to affect you and it's going

2044
00:37:46,790 --> 00:37:46,800
not going to affect you and it's going
 

2045
00:37:46,800 --> 00:37:48,710
not going to affect you and it's going
to be expensive because we do have to

2046
00:37:48,710 --> 00:37:48,720
to be expensive because we do have to
 

2047
00:37:48,720 --> 00:37:50,870
to be expensive because we do have to
take measures at some point and at what

2048
00:37:50,870 --> 00:37:50,880
take measures at some point and at what
 

2049
00:37:50,880 --> 00:37:52,550
take measures at some point and at what
point are you going to do this because

2050
00:37:52,550 --> 00:37:52,560
point are you going to do this because
 

2051
00:37:52,560 --> 00:37:54,230
point are you going to do this because
they people don't want taxes to go up

2052
00:37:54,230 --> 00:37:54,240
they people don't want taxes to go up
 

2053
00:37:54,240 --> 00:37:55,589
they people don't want taxes to go up
but if you're going to have to start

2054
00:37:55,589 --> 00:37:55,599
but if you're going to have to start
 

2055
00:37:55,599 --> 00:37:58,310
but if you're going to have to start
protecting places against salination and

2056
00:37:58,310 --> 00:37:58,320
protecting places against salination and
 

2057
00:37:58,320 --> 00:38:00,630
protecting places against salination and
flood water and and stronger hurricans

2058
00:38:00,630 --> 00:38:00,640
flood water and and stronger hurricans
 

2059
00:38:00,640 --> 00:38:02,230
flood water and and stronger hurricans
and everything else that's going to cost

2060
00:38:02,230 --> 00:38:02,240
and everything else that's going to cost
 

2061
00:38:02,240 --> 00:38:03,349
and everything else that's going to cost
money

2062
00:38:03,349 --> 00:38:03,359
money
 

2063
00:38:03,359 --> 00:38:07,589
money
>> which won't get spent obviously. Um so

2064
00:38:07,589 --> 00:38:07,599
>> which won't get spent obviously. Um so
 

2065
00:38:07,599 --> 00:38:09,990
>> which won't get spent obviously. Um so
the the the problem here is that

2066
00:38:09,990 --> 00:38:10,000
the the the problem here is that
 

2067
00:38:10,000 --> 00:38:14,069
the the the problem here is that
obviously uh what we can say is that um

2068
00:38:14,069 --> 00:38:14,079
obviously uh what we can say is that um
 

2069
00:38:14,079 --> 00:38:16,710
obviously uh what we can say is that um
this is all made up right scientists are

2070
00:38:16,710 --> 00:38:16,720
this is all made up right scientists are
 

2071
00:38:16,720 --> 00:38:19,030
this is all made up right scientists are
making this up to get grant money.

2072
00:38:19,030 --> 00:38:19,040
making this up to get grant money.
 

2073
00:38:19,040 --> 00:38:19,349
making this up to get grant money.
>> Yeah.

2074
00:38:19,349 --> 00:38:19,359
>> Yeah.
 

2075
00:38:19,359 --> 00:38:21,510
>> Yeah.
>> Obviously right this sense of urgency

2076
00:38:21,510 --> 00:38:21,520
>> Obviously right this sense of urgency
 

2077
00:38:21,520 --> 00:38:23,510
>> Obviously right this sense of urgency
keep the money flowing so we can say so

2078
00:38:23,510 --> 00:38:23,520
keep the money flowing so we can say so
 

2079
00:38:23,520 --> 00:38:25,190
keep the money flowing so we can say so
what do you say to that?

2080
00:38:25,190 --> 00:38:25,200
what do you say to that?
 

2081
00:38:25,200 --> 00:38:27,829
what do you say to that?
>> Okay well look I I had a very

2082
00:38:27,829 --> 00:38:27,839
>> Okay well look I I had a very
 

2083
00:38:27,839 --> 00:38:30,470
>> Okay well look I I had a very
comfortable life and a very nice career

2084
00:38:30,470 --> 00:38:30,480
comfortable life and a very nice career
 

2085
00:38:30,480 --> 00:38:32,550
comfortable life and a very nice career
because I was not top of my class. The

2086
00:38:32,550 --> 00:38:32,560
because I was not top of my class. The
 

2087
00:38:32,560 --> 00:38:33,990
because I was not top of my class. The
guys that came top of the class were the

2088
00:38:33,990 --> 00:38:34,000
guys that came top of the class were the
 

2089
00:38:34,000 --> 00:38:35,990
guys that came top of the class were the
ones that went into scientific research.

2090
00:38:35,990 --> 00:38:36,000
ones that went into scientific research.
 

2091
00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:37,829
ones that went into scientific research.
I mean, one of my friends became a

2092
00:38:37,829 --> 00:38:37,839
I mean, one of my friends became a
 

2093
00:38:37,839 --> 00:38:42,310
I mean, one of my friends became a
researcher and um I I just don't get why

2094
00:38:42,310 --> 00:38:42,320
researcher and um I I just don't get why
 

2095
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:44,630
researcher and um I I just don't get why
people think that is such a great uh

2096
00:38:44,630 --> 00:38:44,640
people think that is such a great uh
 

2097
00:38:44,640 --> 00:38:47,750
people think that is such a great uh
rewarding experience financially. It's a

2098
00:38:47,750 --> 00:38:47,760
rewarding experience financially. It's a
 

2099
00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:49,510
rewarding experience financially. It's a
great rewarding experience to discover

2100
00:38:49,510 --> 00:38:49,520
great rewarding experience to discover
 

2101
00:38:49,520 --> 00:38:51,750
great rewarding experience to discover
something and and so on, but they're not

2102
00:38:51,750 --> 00:38:51,760
something and and so on, but they're not
 

2103
00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:53,589
something and and so on, but they're not
looking to they don't get into that to

2104
00:38:53,589 --> 00:38:53,599
looking to they don't get into that to
 

2105
00:38:53,599 --> 00:38:55,510
looking to they don't get into that to
fake things. If they wanted to get a a

2106
00:38:55,510 --> 00:38:55,520
fake things. If they wanted to get a a
 

2107
00:38:55,520 --> 00:38:57,109
fake things. If they wanted to get a a
job with lots of money, they would go

2108
00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:57,119
job with lots of money, they would go
 

2109
00:38:57,119 --> 00:39:00,950
job with lots of money, they would go
and work for uh you know some um some

2110
00:39:00,950 --> 00:39:00,960
and work for uh you know some um some
 

2111
00:39:00,960 --> 00:39:02,630
and work for uh you know some um some
>> whichever lobby is denying climate

2112
00:39:02,630 --> 00:39:02,640
>> whichever lobby is denying climate
 

2113
00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:02,950
>> whichever lobby is denying climate
change

2114
00:39:02,950 --> 00:39:02,960
change
 

2115
00:39:02,960 --> 00:39:04,710
change
>> or a lobbyist. I mean, look at the

2116
00:39:04,710 --> 00:39:04,720
>> or a lobbyist. I mean, look at the
 

2117
00:39:04,720 --> 00:39:06,630
>> or a lobbyist. I mean, look at the
people. Look, and I won't mention any

2118
00:39:06,630 --> 00:39:06,640
people. Look, and I won't mention any
 

2119
00:39:06,640 --> 00:39:07,750
people. Look, and I won't mention any
names here because I don't want to get

2120
00:39:07,750 --> 00:39:07,760
names here because I don't want to get
 

2121
00:39:07,760 --> 00:39:09,510
names here because I don't want to get
you into trouble, but I mean, look at

2122
00:39:09,510 --> 00:39:09,520
you into trouble, but I mean, look at
 

2123
00:39:09,520 --> 00:39:11,990
you into trouble, but I mean, look at
the names. Some of the people who uh

2124
00:39:11,990 --> 00:39:12,000
the names. Some of the people who uh
 

2125
00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:13,829
the names. Some of the people who uh
have been lobbying, they're they're all

2126
00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:13,839
have been lobbying, they're they're all
 

2127
00:39:13,839 --> 00:39:16,710
have been lobbying, they're they're all
funded by fossil fuel industry and so

2128
00:39:16,710 --> 00:39:16,720
funded by fossil fuel industry and so
 

2129
00:39:16,720 --> 00:39:18,069
funded by fossil fuel industry and so
on. So, I mean, if you're going to look

2130
00:39:18,069 --> 00:39:18,079
on. So, I mean, if you're going to look
 

2131
00:39:18,079 --> 00:39:20,310
on. So, I mean, if you're going to look
at a target, those are the guys who are

2132
00:39:20,310 --> 00:39:20,320
at a target, those are the guys who are
 

2133
00:39:20,320 --> 00:39:22,069
at a target, those are the guys who are
making money because they don't have to

2134
00:39:22,069 --> 00:39:22,079
making money because they don't have to
 

2135
00:39:22,079 --> 00:39:24,550
making money because they don't have to
go out onto the top of a an ice sheet in

2136
00:39:24,550 --> 00:39:24,560
go out onto the top of a an ice sheet in
 

2137
00:39:24,560 --> 00:39:26,550
go out onto the top of a an ice sheet in
Greenland and live in a cabin for six

2138
00:39:26,550 --> 00:39:26,560
Greenland and live in a cabin for six
 

2139
00:39:26,560 --> 00:39:28,630
Greenland and live in a cabin for six
months of the year collecting data.

2140
00:39:28,630 --> 00:39:28,640
months of the year collecting data.
 

2141
00:39:28,640 --> 00:39:30,550
months of the year collecting data.
They're not rolling around in the gale

2142
00:39:30,550 --> 00:39:30,560
They're not rolling around in the gale
 

2143
00:39:30,560 --> 00:39:33,030
They're not rolling around in the gale
force wind in a in a ship in the South

2144
00:39:33,030 --> 00:39:33,040
force wind in a in a ship in the South
 

2145
00:39:33,040 --> 00:39:34,790
force wind in a in a ship in the South
Atlantic trying to pick up buckets of

2146
00:39:34,790 --> 00:39:34,800
Atlantic trying to pick up buckets of
 

2147
00:39:34,800 --> 00:39:36,950
Atlantic trying to pick up buckets of
seawater to measure temperature and so

2148
00:39:36,950 --> 00:39:36,960
seawater to measure temperature and so
 

2149
00:39:36,960 --> 00:39:39,190
seawater to measure temperature and so
on. Um, these are the guys that sit in

2150
00:39:39,190 --> 00:39:39,200
on. Um, these are the guys that sit in
 

2151
00:39:39,200 --> 00:39:40,790
on. Um, these are the guys that sit in
very comfortable offices raking in

2152
00:39:40,790 --> 00:39:40,800
very comfortable offices raking in
 

2153
00:39:40,800 --> 00:39:43,109
very comfortable offices raking in
millions of dollars just producing blogs

2154
00:39:43,109 --> 00:39:43,119
millions of dollars just producing blogs
 

2155
00:39:43,119 --> 00:39:44,950
millions of dollars just producing blogs
and papers and going on TV to do

2156
00:39:44,950 --> 00:39:44,960
and papers and going on TV to do
 

2157
00:39:44,960 --> 00:39:46,230
and papers and going on TV to do
interviews to say the whole thing's

2158
00:39:46,230 --> 00:39:46,240
interviews to say the whole thing's
 

2159
00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:47,990
interviews to say the whole thing's
nonsense. There's absolutely no

2160
00:39:47,990 --> 00:39:48,000
nonsense. There's absolutely no
 

2161
00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:51,030
nonsense. There's absolutely no
incentive for scientists to fake it.

2162
00:39:51,030 --> 00:39:51,040
incentive for scientists to fake it.
 

2163
00:39:51,040 --> 00:39:53,589
incentive for scientists to fake it.
Faking stuff in the scientific world is

2164
00:39:53,589 --> 00:39:53,599
Faking stuff in the scientific world is
 

2165
00:39:53,599 --> 00:39:56,069
Faking stuff in the scientific world is
is the biggest sin and it would

2166
00:39:56,069 --> 00:39:56,079
is the biggest sin and it would
 

2167
00:39:56,079 --> 00:39:58,069
is the biggest sin and it would
immediately stop your career. It would

2168
00:39:58,069 --> 00:39:58,079
immediately stop your career. It would
 

2169
00:39:58,079 --> 00:40:00,069
immediately stop your career. It would
be career ending. Yeah. Now the only way

2170
00:40:00,069 --> 00:40:00,079
be career ending. Yeah. Now the only way
 

2171
00:40:00,079 --> 00:40:02,069
be career ending. Yeah. Now the only way
that they can just say that that's

2172
00:40:02,069 --> 00:40:02,079
that they can just say that that's
 

2173
00:40:02,079 --> 00:40:03,430
that they can just say that that's
what's happening is to say, "Yeah, but

2174
00:40:03,430 --> 00:40:03,440
what's happening is to say, "Yeah, but
 

2175
00:40:03,440 --> 00:40:05,190
what's happening is to say, "Yeah, but
every single scientist in the world is

2176
00:40:05,190 --> 00:40:05,200
every single scientist in the world is
 

2177
00:40:05,200 --> 00:40:07,430
every single scientist in the world is
involved in this. Japanese scientists,

2178
00:40:07,430 --> 00:40:07,440
involved in this. Japanese scientists,
 

2179
00:40:07,440 --> 00:40:08,870
involved in this. Japanese scientists,
British scientists, Australian

2180
00:40:08,870 --> 00:40:08,880
British scientists, Australian
 

2181
00:40:08,880 --> 00:40:10,790
British scientists, Australian
scientists, French scientists, they're

2182
00:40:10,790 --> 00:40:10,800
scientists, French scientists, they're
 

2183
00:40:10,800 --> 00:40:12,550
scientists, French scientists, they're
all in on this conspiracy." I said,

2184
00:40:12,550 --> 00:40:12,560
all in on this conspiracy." I said,
 

2185
00:40:12,560 --> 00:40:15,510
all in on this conspiracy." I said,
"Where even if they were, where did this

2186
00:40:15,510 --> 00:40:15,520
"Where even if they were, where did this
 

2187
00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:18,310
"Where even if they were, where did this
thing start?" I mean, back in 1955, they

2188
00:40:18,310 --> 00:40:18,320
thing start?" I mean, back in 1955, they
 

2189
00:40:18,320 --> 00:40:19,990
thing start?" I mean, back in 1955, they
all decided, "Hey, let's pretend the

2190
00:40:19,990 --> 00:40:20,000
all decided, "Hey, let's pretend the
 

2191
00:40:20,000 --> 00:40:21,030
all decided, "Hey, let's pretend the
world is warming."

2192
00:40:21,030 --> 00:40:21,040
world is warming."
 

2193
00:40:21,040 --> 00:40:23,910
world is warming."
>> Brief cases of money. Yeah. It's as dumb

2194
00:40:23,910 --> 00:40:23,920
>> Brief cases of money. Yeah. It's as dumb
 

2195
00:40:23,920 --> 00:40:27,510
>> Brief cases of money. Yeah. It's as dumb
as as as it's as dumb as flat Earth. Um,

2196
00:40:27,510 --> 00:40:27,520
as as as it's as dumb as flat Earth. Um,
 

2197
00:40:27,520 --> 00:40:29,589
as as as it's as dumb as flat Earth. Um,
but yeah, ju like in general just this

2198
00:40:29,589 --> 00:40:29,599
but yeah, ju like in general just this
 

2199
00:40:29,599 --> 00:40:30,710
but yeah, ju like in general just this
whole rhetoric and I'm seeing it

2200
00:40:30,710 --> 00:40:30,720
whole rhetoric and I'm seeing it
 

2201
00:40:30,720 --> 00:40:32,069
whole rhetoric and I'm seeing it
everywhere. Obviously, I'm seeing it in

2202
00:40:32,069 --> 00:40:32,079
everywhere. Obviously, I'm seeing it in
 

2203
00:40:32,079 --> 00:40:33,750
everywhere. Obviously, I'm seeing it in
climate. I'm seeing it in theoretical

2204
00:40:33,750 --> 00:40:33,760
climate. I'm seeing it in theoretical
 

2205
00:40:33,760 --> 00:40:35,589
climate. I'm seeing it in theoretical
physics. Uh, like you have all these

2206
00:40:35,589 --> 00:40:35,599
physics. Uh, like you have all these
 

2207
00:40:35,599 --> 00:40:37,910
physics. Uh, like you have all these
frauds that say the same about about

2208
00:40:37,910 --> 00:40:37,920
frauds that say the same about about
 

2209
00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:39,589
frauds that say the same about about
theoretical physicists are sitting in

2210
00:40:39,589 --> 00:40:39,599
theoretical physicists are sitting in
 

2211
00:40:39,599 --> 00:40:43,109
theoretical physicists are sitting in
their cushy tax paid positions and

2212
00:40:43,109 --> 00:40:43,119
their cushy tax paid positions and
 

2213
00:40:43,119 --> 00:40:45,990
their cushy tax paid positions and
they're getting all this all this grant

2214
00:40:45,990 --> 00:40:46,000
they're getting all this all this grant
 

2215
00:40:46,000 --> 00:40:47,910
they're getting all this all this grant
money to push string theory and all the

2216
00:40:47,910 --> 00:40:47,920
money to push string theory and all the
 

2217
00:40:47,920 --> 00:40:49,430
money to push string theory and all the
it like every single field of science

2218
00:40:49,430 --> 00:40:49,440
it like every single field of science
 

2219
00:40:49,440 --> 00:40:51,109
it like every single field of science
that you do this in, it just does not

2220
00:40:51,109 --> 00:40:51,119
that you do this in, it just does not
 

2221
00:40:51,119 --> 00:40:53,190
that you do this in, it just does not
make any sense, right? Like the money

2222
00:40:53,190 --> 00:40:53,200
make any sense, right? Like the money
 

2223
00:40:53,200 --> 00:40:56,550
make any sense, right? Like the money
will go to what is fruitful. Um, and all

2224
00:40:56,550 --> 00:40:56,560
will go to what is fruitful. Um, and all
 

2225
00:40:56,560 --> 00:40:58,790
will go to what is fruitful. Um, and all
of these researchers are not making that

2226
00:40:58,790 --> 00:40:58,800
of these researchers are not making that
 

2227
00:40:58,800 --> 00:41:00,390
of these researchers are not making that
much money. You know, your average

2228
00:41:00,390 --> 00:41:00,400
much money. You know, your average
 

2229
00:41:00,400 --> 00:41:02,630
much money. You know, your average
scientist is making a pretty meager

2230
00:41:02,630 --> 00:41:02,640
scientist is making a pretty meager
 

2231
00:41:02,640 --> 00:41:06,390
scientist is making a pretty meager
salary. Um, it's just so transparently

2232
00:41:06,390 --> 00:41:06,400
salary. Um, it's just so transparently
 

2233
00:41:06,400 --> 00:41:09,109
salary. Um, it's just so transparently
of the oligarchy uh just completely

2234
00:41:09,109 --> 00:41:09,119
of the oligarchy uh just completely
 

2235
00:41:09,119 --> 00:41:11,109
of the oligarchy uh just completely
flipping the narrative uh and pointing,

2236
00:41:11,109 --> 00:41:11,119
flipping the narrative uh and pointing,
 

2237
00:41:11,119 --> 00:41:12,470
flipping the narrative uh and pointing,
you know, oh, they're getting money, not

2238
00:41:12,470 --> 00:41:12,480
you know, oh, they're getting money, not
 

2239
00:41:12,480 --> 00:41:14,069
you know, oh, they're getting money, not
us. Don't look at us, you know.

2240
00:41:14,069 --> 00:41:14,079
us. Don't look at us, you know.
 

2241
00:41:14,079 --> 00:41:15,990
us. Don't look at us, you know.
>> Uh, it's it's crazy to me.

2242
00:41:15,990 --> 00:41:16,000
>> Uh, it's it's crazy to me.
 

2243
00:41:16,000 --> 00:41:17,510
>> Uh, it's it's crazy to me.
>> And again, these are the smartest people

2244
00:41:17,510 --> 00:41:17,520
>> And again, these are the smartest people
 

2245
00:41:17,520 --> 00:41:19,589
>> And again, these are the smartest people
in the class. The only ones that go into

2246
00:41:19,589 --> 00:41:19,599
in the class. The only ones that go into
 

2247
00:41:19,599 --> 00:41:21,750
in the class. The only ones that go into
research have to be really smart. They

2248
00:41:21,750 --> 00:41:21,760
research have to be really smart. They
 

2249
00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:23,510
research have to be really smart. They
could get a much better paying job in a

2250
00:41:23,510 --> 00:41:23,520
could get a much better paying job in a
 

2251
00:41:23,520 --> 00:41:25,510
could get a much better paying job in a
cushy office working for a company,

2252
00:41:25,510 --> 00:41:25,520
cushy office working for a company,
 

2253
00:41:25,520 --> 00:41:27,430
cushy office working for a company,
>> but they want to figure [\h__\h] out.

2254
00:41:27,430 --> 00:41:27,440
>> but they want to figure [\h__\h] out.
 

2255
00:41:27,440 --> 00:41:29,430
>> but they want to figure [\h__\h] out.
>> You know, you know, and I know and and

2256
00:41:29,430 --> 00:41:29,440
>> You know, you know, and I know and and
 

2257
00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:30,950
>> You know, you know, and I know and and
I've interviewed hundreds of scientists,

2258
00:41:30,950 --> 00:41:30,960
I've interviewed hundreds of scientists,
 

2259
00:41:30,960 --> 00:41:33,990
I've interviewed hundreds of scientists,
and what motivates them is getting to

2260
00:41:33,990 --> 00:41:34,000
and what motivates them is getting to
 

2261
00:41:34,000 --> 00:41:35,910
and what motivates them is getting to
solve that problem. That's what they

2262
00:41:35,910 --> 00:41:35,920
solve that problem. That's what they
 

2263
00:41:35,920 --> 00:41:38,150
solve that problem. That's what they
want to do. They don't want to fake it.

2264
00:41:38,150 --> 00:41:38,160
want to do. They don't want to fake it.
 

2265
00:41:38,160 --> 00:41:40,470
want to do. They don't want to fake it.
But, you know, it's it's a I guess it's

2266
00:41:40,470 --> 00:41:40,480
But, you know, it's it's a I guess it's
 

2267
00:41:40,480 --> 00:41:42,710
But, you know, it's it's a I guess it's
a scraping the bottom of the barrel

2268
00:41:42,710 --> 00:41:42,720
a scraping the bottom of the barrel
 

2269
00:41:42,720 --> 00:41:44,870
a scraping the bottom of the barrel
argument. If you can't attack the

2270
00:41:44,870 --> 00:41:44,880
argument. If you can't attack the
 

2271
00:41:44,880 --> 00:41:47,430
argument. If you can't attack the
science, you you attack the scientists.

2272
00:41:47,430 --> 00:41:47,440
science, you you attack the scientists.
 

2273
00:41:47,440 --> 00:41:50,309
science, you you attack the scientists.
If you if you got no way of saying that

2274
00:41:50,309 --> 00:41:50,319
If you if you got no way of saying that
 

2275
00:41:50,319 --> 00:41:52,470
If you if you got no way of saying that
the science is wrong, then all you can

2276
00:41:52,470 --> 00:41:52,480
the science is wrong, then all you can
 

2277
00:41:52,480 --> 00:41:53,510
the science is wrong, then all you can
say is, "Oh, it's just

2278
00:41:53,510 --> 00:41:53,520
say is, "Oh, it's just
 

2279
00:41:53,520 --> 00:41:55,670
say is, "Oh, it's just
>> shout shill. Just shout shill and run

2280
00:41:55,670 --> 00:41:55,680
>> shout shill. Just shout shill and run
 

2281
00:41:55,680 --> 00:41:56,550
>> shout shill. Just shout shill and run
away." Yeah.

2282
00:41:56,550 --> 00:41:56,560
away." Yeah.
 

2283
00:41:56,560 --> 00:41:57,109
away." Yeah.
>> Yeah.

2284
00:41:57,109 --> 00:41:57,119
>> Yeah.
 

2285
00:41:57,119 --> 00:41:59,109
>> Yeah.
>> Well, okay. But the problem is if these

2286
00:41:59,109 --> 00:41:59,119
>> Well, okay. But the problem is if these
 

2287
00:41:59,119 --> 00:42:01,349
>> Well, okay. But the problem is if these
scientists are so super smart and so

2288
00:42:01,349 --> 00:42:01,359
scientists are so super smart and so
 

2289
00:42:01,359 --> 00:42:03,349
scientists are so super smart and so
super right, why are they changing the

2290
00:42:03,349 --> 00:42:03,359
super right, why are they changing the
 

2291
00:42:03,359 --> 00:42:05,109
super right, why are they changing the
narrative all the time? Why Why did they

2292
00:42:05,109 --> 00:42:05,119
narrative all the time? Why Why did they
 

2293
00:42:05,119 --> 00:42:07,030
narrative all the time? Why Why did they
change it from global warming to climate

2294
00:42:07,030 --> 00:42:07,040
change it from global warming to climate
 

2295
00:42:07,040 --> 00:42:08,550
change it from global warming to climate
change? They're just admitting that that

2296
00:42:08,550 --> 00:42:08,560
change? They're just admitting that that
 

2297
00:42:08,560 --> 00:42:11,349
change? They're just admitting that that
that warming isn't happening. Why the

2298
00:42:11,349 --> 00:42:11,359
that warming isn't happening. Why the
 

2299
00:42:11,359 --> 00:42:13,589
that warming isn't happening. Why the
name change? Why did that happen?

2300
00:42:13,589 --> 00:42:13,599
name change? Why did that happen?
 

2301
00:42:13,599 --> 00:42:16,630
name change? Why did that happen?
>> Yeah. Okay. No, that's a good question.

2302
00:42:16,630 --> 00:42:16,640
>> Yeah. Okay. No, that's a good question.
 

2303
00:42:16,640 --> 00:42:18,309
>> Yeah. Okay. No, that's a good question.
No, I'm just doing Columbbo again. No,

2304
00:42:18,309 --> 00:42:18,319
No, I'm just doing Columbbo again. No,
 

2305
00:42:18,319 --> 00:42:19,670
No, I'm just doing Columbbo again. No,
of course it's not.

2306
00:42:19,670 --> 00:42:19,680
of course it's not.
 

2307
00:42:19,680 --> 00:42:21,270
of course it's not.
>> It's It's easy.

2308
00:42:21,270 --> 00:42:21,280
>> It's It's easy.
 

2309
00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:23,270
>> It's It's easy.
>> Th This is just a complete

2310
00:42:23,270 --> 00:42:23,280
>> Th This is just a complete
 

2311
00:42:23,280 --> 00:42:25,270
>> Th This is just a complete
misunderstanding and I've tried to get

2312
00:42:25,270 --> 00:42:25,280
misunderstanding and I've tried to get
 

2313
00:42:25,280 --> 00:42:27,030
misunderstanding and I've tried to get
to the bottom of this because I I I

2314
00:42:27,030 --> 00:42:27,040
to the bottom of this because I I I
 

2315
00:42:27,040 --> 00:42:29,589
to the bottom of this because I I I
engage with these people on my channel

2316
00:42:29,589 --> 00:42:29,599
engage with these people on my channel
 

2317
00:42:29,599 --> 00:42:31,430
engage with these people on my channel
uh all the time because I would love to

2318
00:42:31,430 --> 00:42:31,440
uh all the time because I would love to
 

2319
00:42:31,440 --> 00:42:34,790
uh all the time because I would love to
know where they get all this from. And

2320
00:42:34,790 --> 00:42:34,800
know where they get all this from. And
 

2321
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:37,430
know where they get all this from. And
okay, the truth of the matter is that uh

2322
00:42:37,430 --> 00:42:37,440
okay, the truth of the matter is that uh
 

2323
00:42:37,440 --> 00:42:40,230
okay, the truth of the matter is that uh
the term climatic change or climate

2324
00:42:40,230 --> 00:42:40,240
the term climatic change or climate
 

2325
00:42:40,240 --> 00:42:43,430
the term climatic change or climate
change came from a paper by PLA in 1955

2326
00:42:43,430 --> 00:42:43,440
change came from a paper by PLA in 1955
 

2327
00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,190
change came from a paper by PLA in 1955
where he laid out the theory of Guy

2328
00:42:45,190 --> 00:42:45,200
where he laid out the theory of Guy
 

2329
00:42:45,200 --> 00:42:46,870
where he laid out the theory of Guy
Stewart calendar and and other

2330
00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:46,880
Stewart calendar and and other
 

2331
00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:49,030
Stewart calendar and and other
scientists that have gone before. And I

2332
00:42:49,030 --> 00:42:49,040
scientists that have gone before. And I
 

2333
00:42:49,040 --> 00:42:51,430
scientists that have gone before. And I
mean, look, I I hate I feel like I'm

2334
00:42:51,430 --> 00:42:51,440
mean, look, I I hate I feel like I'm
 

2335
00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:53,190
mean, look, I I hate I feel like I'm
telling you stuff that you know far more

2336
00:42:53,190 --> 00:42:53,200
telling you stuff that you know far more
 

2337
00:42:53,200 --> 00:42:54,870
telling you stuff that you know far more
about than I do, and therefore I don't

2338
00:42:54,870 --> 00:42:54,880
about than I do, and therefore I don't
 

2339
00:42:54,880 --> 00:42:56,710
about than I do, and therefore I don't
want to sort of,

2340
00:42:56,710 --> 00:42:56,720
want to sort of,
 

2341
00:42:56,720 --> 00:42:58,470
want to sort of,
>> you know, I'm just I'm I'm addressing

2342
00:42:58,470 --> 00:42:58,480
>> you know, I'm just I'm I'm addressing
 

2343
00:42:58,480 --> 00:43:00,150
>> you know, I'm just I'm I'm addressing
the people who might not know this, and

2344
00:43:00,150 --> 00:43:00,160
the people who might not know this, and
 

2345
00:43:00,160 --> 00:43:03,030
the people who might not know this, and
I know you do, but basically, scientific

2346
00:43:03,030 --> 00:43:03,040
I know you do, but basically, scientific
 

2347
00:43:03,040 --> 00:43:05,109
I know you do, but basically, scientific
papers, um, you occasionally get a

2348
00:43:05,109 --> 00:43:05,119
papers, um, you occasionally get a
 

2349
00:43:05,119 --> 00:43:06,790
papers, um, you occasionally get a
review paper, which are really useful

2350
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:06,800
review paper, which are really useful
 

2351
00:43:06,800 --> 00:43:08,870
review paper, which are really useful
for science journalists like me. Review

2352
00:43:08,870 --> 00:43:08,880
for science journalists like me. Review
 

2353
00:43:08,880 --> 00:43:10,790
for science journalists like me. Review
papers will summarize the state of the

2354
00:43:10,790 --> 00:43:10,800
papers will summarize the state of the
 

2355
00:43:10,800 --> 00:43:12,390
papers will summarize the state of the
science. They'll go through everything

2356
00:43:12,390 --> 00:43:12,400
science. They'll go through everything
 

2357
00:43:12,400 --> 00:43:15,030
science. They'll go through everything
that's been done on studies and and

2358
00:43:15,030 --> 00:43:15,040
that's been done on studies and and
 

2359
00:43:15,040 --> 00:43:17,670
that's been done on studies and and
evaluate it and then summarize the way

2360
00:43:17,670 --> 00:43:17,680
evaluate it and then summarize the way
 

2361
00:43:17,680 --> 00:43:20,390
evaluate it and then summarize the way
that we we understand things. And PLA to

2362
00:43:20,390 --> 00:43:20,400
that we we understand things. And PLA to
 

2363
00:43:20,400 --> 00:43:22,309
that we we understand things. And PLA to
a certain extent did he did a lot of

2364
00:43:22,309 --> 00:43:22,319
a certain extent did he did a lot of
 

2365
00:43:22,319 --> 00:43:23,990
a certain extent did he did a lot of
obviously most of it was original

2366
00:43:23,990 --> 00:43:24,000
obviously most of it was original
 

2367
00:43:24,000 --> 00:43:26,710
obviously most of it was original
research, but he took what we knew about

2368
00:43:26,710 --> 00:43:26,720
research, but he took what we knew about
 

2369
00:43:26,720 --> 00:43:29,910
research, but he took what we knew about
carbon dioxide and encapsulated it into

2370
00:43:29,910 --> 00:43:29,920
carbon dioxide and encapsulated it into
 

2371
00:43:29,920 --> 00:43:32,390
carbon dioxide and encapsulated it into
the theory of climatic change. That's

2372
00:43:32,390 --> 00:43:32,400
the theory of climatic change. That's
 

2373
00:43:32,400 --> 00:43:34,390
the theory of climatic change. That's
what the paper was called. So, ever

2374
00:43:34,390 --> 00:43:34,400
what the paper was called. So, ever
 

2375
00:43:34,400 --> 00:43:36,069
what the paper was called. So, ever
since then, it's been called climate

2376
00:43:36,069 --> 00:43:36,079
since then, it's been called climate
 

2377
00:43:36,079 --> 00:43:38,470
since then, it's been called climate
change for short. So, you know, back to

2378
00:43:38,470 --> 00:43:38,480
change for short. So, you know, back to
 

2379
00:43:38,480 --> 00:43:40,710
change for short. So, you know, back to
the climate always changes. We are

2380
00:43:40,710 --> 00:43:40,720
the climate always changes. We are
 

2381
00:43:40,720 --> 00:43:42,630
the climate always changes. We are
specifically dealing with climate change

2382
00:43:42,630 --> 00:43:42,640
specifically dealing with climate change
 

2383
00:43:42,640 --> 00:43:44,230
specifically dealing with climate change
which is caused by a warming of the

2384
00:43:44,230 --> 00:43:44,240
which is caused by a warming of the
 

2385
00:43:44,240 --> 00:43:46,550
which is caused by a warming of the
planet. Now what do we call that warming

2386
00:43:46,550 --> 00:43:46,560
planet. Now what do we call that warming
 

2387
00:43:46,560 --> 00:43:48,870
planet. Now what do we call that warming
of the planet? Well, in 1979 and I can't

2388
00:43:48,870 --> 00:43:48,880
of the planet? Well, in 1979 and I can't
 

2389
00:43:48,880 --> 00:43:50,069
of the planet? Well, in 1979 and I can't
remember who did this, someone coined

2390
00:43:50,069 --> 00:43:50,079
remember who did this, someone coined
 

2391
00:43:50,079 --> 00:43:52,390
remember who did this, someone coined
the term climate change uh sorry uh

2392
00:43:52,390 --> 00:43:52,400
the term climate change uh sorry uh
 

2393
00:43:52,400 --> 00:43:54,710
the term climate change uh sorry uh
global warming and that perfectly

2394
00:43:54,710 --> 00:43:54,720
global warming and that perfectly
 

2395
00:43:54,720 --> 00:43:56,790
global warming and that perfectly
encapsulated what it was that was

2396
00:43:56,790 --> 00:43:56,800
encapsulated what it was that was
 

2397
00:43:56,800 --> 00:43:59,510
encapsulated what it was that was
causing the climate change. So they have

2398
00:43:59,510 --> 00:43:59,520
causing the climate change. So they have
 

2399
00:43:59,520 --> 00:44:01,670
causing the climate change. So they have
now become in in in the mind of

2400
00:44:01,670 --> 00:44:01,680
now become in in in the mind of
 

2401
00:44:01,680 --> 00:44:03,349
now become in in in the mind of
scientists these are now two different

2402
00:44:03,349 --> 00:44:03,359
scientists these are now two different
 

2403
00:44:03,359 --> 00:44:05,910
scientists these are now two different
things. One is global warming which is

2404
00:44:05,910 --> 00:44:05,920
things. One is global warming which is
 

2405
00:44:05,920 --> 00:44:07,910
things. One is global warming which is
the warming of the planet that's been

2406
00:44:07,910 --> 00:44:07,920
the warming of the planet that's been
 

2407
00:44:07,920 --> 00:44:10,470
the warming of the planet that's been
around since 1979. The other is the

2408
00:44:10,470 --> 00:44:10,480
around since 1979. The other is the
 

2409
00:44:10,480 --> 00:44:11,990
around since 1979. The other is the
theory of climate change. This is

2410
00:44:11,990 --> 00:44:12,000
theory of climate change. This is
 

2411
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:14,470
theory of climate change. This is
climate change which says that the

2412
00:44:14,470 --> 00:44:14,480
climate change which says that the
 

2413
00:44:14,480 --> 00:44:16,309
climate change which says that the
warming, the global warming that we're

2414
00:44:16,309 --> 00:44:16,319
warming, the global warming that we're
 

2415
00:44:16,319 --> 00:44:19,030
warming, the global warming that we're
seeing is causing climate change all

2416
00:44:19,030 --> 00:44:19,040
seeing is causing climate change all
 

2417
00:44:19,040 --> 00:44:21,990
seeing is causing climate change all
over the world. And this is why the IPCC

2418
00:44:21,990 --> 00:44:22,000
over the world. And this is why the IPCC
 

2419
00:44:22,000 --> 00:44:24,150
over the world. And this is why the IPCC
has the word climate change in it. The

2420
00:44:24,150 --> 00:44:24,160
has the word climate change in it. The
 

2421
00:44:24,160 --> 00:44:28,230
has the word climate change in it. The
CC stands for climate change. Um so I

2422
00:44:28,230 --> 00:44:28,240
CC stands for climate change. Um so I
 

2423
00:44:28,240 --> 00:44:31,109
CC stands for climate change. Um so I
it's not that um global warming came

2424
00:44:31,109 --> 00:44:31,119
it's not that um global warming came
 

2425
00:44:31,119 --> 00:44:33,270
it's not that um global warming came
first. It's the other way round. Climate

2426
00:44:33,270 --> 00:44:33,280
first. It's the other way round. Climate
 

2427
00:44:33,280 --> 00:44:35,910
first. It's the other way round. Climate
change came in 1955. Global warming came

2428
00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:35,920
change came in 1955. Global warming came
 

2429
00:44:35,920 --> 00:44:38,950
change came in 1955. Global warming came
in 1979. They mean different things.

2430
00:44:38,950 --> 00:44:38,960
in 1979. They mean different things.
 

2431
00:44:38,960 --> 00:44:41,109
in 1979. They mean different things.
They are sometimes used interchangeably,

2432
00:44:41,109 --> 00:44:41,119
They are sometimes used interchangeably,
 

2433
00:44:41,119 --> 00:44:42,630
They are sometimes used interchangeably,
but because that's the nature of it,

2434
00:44:42,630 --> 00:44:42,640
but because that's the nature of it,
 

2435
00:44:42,640 --> 00:44:45,190
but because that's the nature of it,
they they they are the almost the same

2436
00:44:45,190 --> 00:44:45,200
they they they are the almost the same
 

2437
00:44:45,200 --> 00:44:47,109
they they they are the almost the same
phenomenon, but one is a cause, the

2438
00:44:47,109 --> 00:44:47,119
phenomenon, but one is a cause, the
 

2439
00:44:47,119 --> 00:44:49,270
phenomenon, but one is a cause, the
other's an effect. And the fact that

2440
00:44:49,270 --> 00:44:49,280
other's an effect. And the fact that
 

2441
00:44:49,280 --> 00:44:52,390
other's an effect. And the fact that
people don't know this is so easy to

2442
00:44:52,390 --> 00:44:52,400
people don't know this is so easy to
 

2443
00:44:52,400 --> 00:44:54,630
people don't know this is so easy to
overturn because all you have to do is

2444
00:44:54,630 --> 00:44:54,640
overturn because all you have to do is
 

2445
00:44:54,640 --> 00:44:58,470
overturn because all you have to do is
point them to the PLA paper. Um I I've

2446
00:44:58,470 --> 00:44:58,480
point them to the PLA paper. Um I I've
 

2447
00:44:58,480 --> 00:45:00,630
point them to the PLA paper. Um I I've
got it on my channel and several times

2448
00:45:00,630 --> 00:45:00,640
got it on my channel and several times
 

2449
00:45:00,640 --> 00:45:02,390
got it on my channel and several times
and I'm sure you've covered it, but it's

2450
00:45:02,390 --> 00:45:02,400
and I'm sure you've covered it, but it's
 

2451
00:45:02,400 --> 00:45:05,030
and I'm sure you've covered it, but it's
it's a paper by Pl55. It's the theory of

2452
00:45:05,030 --> 00:45:05,040
it's a paper by Pl55. It's the theory of
 

2453
00:45:05,040 --> 00:45:07,109
it's a paper by Pl55. It's the theory of
climatic change. just show them that

2454
00:45:07,109 --> 00:45:07,119
climatic change. just show them that
 

2455
00:45:07,119 --> 00:45:09,589
climatic change. just show them that
this was 1955 and I think Wikipedia

2456
00:45:09,589 --> 00:45:09,599
this was 1955 and I think Wikipedia
 

2457
00:45:09,599 --> 00:45:12,069
this was 1955 and I think Wikipedia
talks about um I' I've checked their

2458
00:45:12,069 --> 00:45:12,079
talks about um I' I've checked their
 

2459
00:45:12,079 --> 00:45:15,829
talks about um I' I've checked their
sources by the way um that 1979

2460
00:45:15,829 --> 00:45:15,839
sources by the way um that 1979
 

2461
00:45:15,839 --> 00:45:19,510
sources by the way um that 1979
um turn of phrase global warming very

2462
00:45:19,510 --> 00:45:19,520
um turn of phrase global warming very
 

2463
00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:21,349
um turn of phrase global warming very
easy to debunk that one

2464
00:45:21,349 --> 00:45:21,359
easy to debunk that one
 

2465
00:45:21,359 --> 00:45:23,510
easy to debunk that one
>> yeah it's clearly a category error right

2466
00:45:23,510 --> 00:45:23,520
>> yeah it's clearly a category error right
 

2467
00:45:23,520 --> 00:45:25,750
>> yeah it's clearly a category error right
people are just not understand like I to

2468
00:45:25,750 --> 00:45:25,760
people are just not understand like I to
 

2469
00:45:25,760 --> 00:45:28,069
people are just not understand like I to
me it's just how can you if we're saying

2470
00:45:28,069 --> 00:45:28,079
me it's just how can you if we're saying
 

2471
00:45:28,079 --> 00:45:30,550
me it's just how can you if we're saying
that warming is c look at all of these

2472
00:45:30,550 --> 00:45:30,560
that warming is c look at all of these
 

2473
00:45:30,560 --> 00:45:32,710
that warming is c look at all of these
effect these myriad effects right we're

2474
00:45:32,710 --> 00:45:32,720
effect these myriad effects right we're
 

2475
00:45:32,720 --> 00:45:35,349
effect these myriad effects right we're
talking about more hurricanes right

2476
00:45:35,349 --> 00:45:35,359
talking about more hurricanes right
 

2477
00:45:35,359 --> 00:45:37,030
talking about more hurricanes right
differences isn't like precipitate like

2478
00:45:37,030 --> 00:45:37,040
differences isn't like precipitate like
 

2479
00:45:37,040 --> 00:45:39,670
differences isn't like precipitate like
you those don't those can't be described

2480
00:45:39,670 --> 00:45:39,680
you those don't those can't be described
 

2481
00:45:39,680 --> 00:45:41,589
you those don't those can't be described
by the word warming we're talking about

2482
00:45:41,589 --> 00:45:41,599
by the word warming we're talking about
 

2483
00:45:41,599 --> 00:45:44,309
by the word warming we're talking about
all of these dramatic effects uh that

2484
00:45:44,309 --> 00:45:44,319
all of these dramatic effects uh that
 

2485
00:45:44,319 --> 00:45:45,990
all of these dramatic effects uh that
are the result of warming right so it's

2486
00:45:45,990 --> 00:45:46,000
are the result of warming right so it's
 

2487
00:45:46,000 --> 00:45:48,150
are the result of warming right so it's
a broader uh term it's a it's a broad

2488
00:45:48,150 --> 00:45:48,160
a broader uh term it's a it's a broad
 

2489
00:45:48,160 --> 00:45:49,829
a broader uh term it's a it's a broad
>> term stronger I have to I have to

2490
00:45:49,829 --> 00:45:49,839
>> term stronger I have to I have to
 

2491
00:45:49,839 --> 00:45:52,550
>> term stronger I have to I have to
emphasize stronger hurricans yeah um and

2492
00:45:52,550 --> 00:45:52,560
emphasize stronger hurricans yeah um and
 

2493
00:45:52,560 --> 00:45:54,630
emphasize stronger hurricans yeah um and
and the huracans will get much more

2494
00:45:54,630 --> 00:45:54,640
and the huracans will get much more
 

2495
00:45:54,640 --> 00:45:57,829
and the huracans will get much more
intense that is the biggest problem

2496
00:45:57,829 --> 00:45:57,839
intense that is the biggest problem
 

2497
00:45:57,839 --> 00:46:00,309
intense that is the biggest problem
>> just because the water they form over is

2498
00:46:00,309 --> 00:46:00,319
>> just because the water they form over is
 

2499
00:46:00,319 --> 00:46:01,270
>> just because the water they form over is
warmer

2500
00:46:01,270 --> 00:46:01,280
warmer
 

2501
00:46:01,280 --> 00:46:02,790
warmer
>> it's warmer exactly that's where they

2502
00:46:02,790 --> 00:46:02,800
>> it's warmer exactly that's where they
 

2503
00:46:02,800 --> 00:46:05,990
>> it's warmer exactly that's where they
get energy from uh it was interesting ly

2504
00:46:05,990 --> 00:46:06,000
get energy from uh it was interesting ly
 

2505
00:46:06,000 --> 00:46:10,309
get energy from uh it was interesting ly
it was um uh Dick I forget his name now.

2506
00:46:10,309 --> 00:46:10,319
it was um uh Dick I forget his name now.
 

2507
00:46:10,319 --> 00:46:12,150
it was um uh Dick I forget his name now.
kind of one of the now the biggest

2508
00:46:12,150 --> 00:46:12,160
kind of one of the now the biggest
 

2509
00:46:12,160 --> 00:46:14,069
kind of one of the now the biggest
contrarians in science who who

2510
00:46:14,069 --> 00:46:14,079
contrarians in science who who
 

2511
00:46:14,079 --> 00:46:17,030
contrarians in science who who
discovered that actually uh global

2512
00:46:17,030 --> 00:46:17,040
discovered that actually uh global
 

2513
00:46:17,040 --> 00:46:18,870
discovered that actually uh global
warming would increase the intensity of

2514
00:46:18,870 --> 00:46:18,880
warming would increase the intensity of
 

2515
00:46:18,880 --> 00:46:22,069
warming would increase the intensity of
of hurricanes and and cause if you're

2516
00:46:22,069 --> 00:46:22,079
of hurricanes and and cause if you're
 

2517
00:46:22,079 --> 00:46:23,430
of hurricanes and and cause if you're
getting more water vapor in the

2518
00:46:23,430 --> 00:46:23,440
getting more water vapor in the
 

2519
00:46:23,440 --> 00:46:27,190
getting more water vapor in the
atmosphere um that is then when it does

2520
00:46:27,190 --> 00:46:27,200
atmosphere um that is then when it does
 

2521
00:46:27,200 --> 00:46:30,630
atmosphere um that is then when it does
rain uh it's going to be more intense

2522
00:46:30,630 --> 00:46:30,640
rain uh it's going to be more intense
 

2523
00:46:30,640 --> 00:46:33,670
rain uh it's going to be more intense
and uh if the earth is getting warmer it

2524
00:46:33,670 --> 00:46:33,680
and uh if the earth is getting warmer it
 

2525
00:46:33,680 --> 00:46:35,750
and uh if the earth is getting warmer it
means when you do get evaporation that

2526
00:46:35,750 --> 00:46:35,760
means when you do get evaporation that
 

2527
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:37,589
means when you do get evaporation that
evaporation is going to be more intense

2528
00:46:37,589 --> 00:46:37,599
evaporation is going to be more intense
 

2529
00:46:37,599 --> 00:46:39,910
evaporation is going to be more intense
so you get more extremes of climate

2530
00:46:39,910 --> 00:46:39,920
so you get more extremes of climate
 

2531
00:46:39,920 --> 00:46:42,550
so you get more extremes of climate
generally extreme weather patterns.

2532
00:46:42,550 --> 00:46:42,560
generally extreme weather patterns.
 

2533
00:46:42,560 --> 00:46:43,030
generally extreme weather patterns.
Yeah.

2534
00:46:43,030 --> 00:46:43,040
Yeah.
 

2535
00:46:43,040 --> 00:46:44,710
Yeah.
>> And and this is where the computers are

2536
00:46:44,710 --> 00:46:44,720
>> And and this is where the computers are
 

2537
00:46:44,720 --> 00:46:46,309
>> And and this is where the computers are
useful because they'll be able to

2538
00:46:46,309 --> 00:46:46,319
useful because they'll be able to
 

2539
00:46:46,319 --> 00:46:48,150
useful because they'll be able to
pinpoint exactly where this is

2540
00:46:48,150 --> 00:46:48,160
pinpoint exactly where this is
 

2541
00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:50,069
pinpoint exactly where this is
happening. We would never have been able

2542
00:46:50,069 --> 00:46:50,079
happening. We would never have been able
 

2543
00:46:50,079 --> 00:46:51,910
happening. We would never have been able
to do this maybe 50 years ago. We could

2544
00:46:51,910 --> 00:46:51,920
to do this maybe 50 years ago. We could
 

2545
00:46:51,920 --> 00:46:53,829
to do this maybe 50 years ago. We could
say generally this is what global

2546
00:46:53,829 --> 00:46:53,839
say generally this is what global
 

2547
00:46:53,839 --> 00:46:55,430
say generally this is what global
warming is going to cause in terms of

2548
00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:55,440
warming is going to cause in terms of
 

2549
00:46:55,440 --> 00:46:57,670
warming is going to cause in terms of
climate change. Now they can pinpoint it

2550
00:46:57,670 --> 00:46:57,680
climate change. Now they can pinpoint it
 

2551
00:46:57,680 --> 00:47:00,150
climate change. Now they can pinpoint it
a lot more accurately.

2552
00:47:00,150 --> 00:47:00,160
a lot more accurately.
 

2553
00:47:00,160 --> 00:47:02,630
a lot more accurately.
>> So it's it's it's all very depressing.

2554
00:47:02,630 --> 00:47:02,640
>> So it's it's it's all very depressing.
 

2555
00:47:02,640 --> 00:47:04,950
>> So it's it's it's all very depressing.
Uh I mean we're we're really outlining

2556
00:47:04,950 --> 00:47:04,960
Uh I mean we're we're really outlining
 

2557
00:47:04,960 --> 00:47:06,870
Uh I mean we're we're really outlining
all of these catastrophic things that

2558
00:47:06,870 --> 00:47:06,880
all of these catastrophic things that
 

2559
00:47:06,880 --> 00:47:09,349
all of these catastrophic things that
can and will happen. Um, and if the

2560
00:47:09,349 --> 00:47:09,359
can and will happen. Um, and if the
 

2561
00:47:09,359 --> 00:47:12,470
can and will happen. Um, and if the
bureaucracy is not going to budge an

2562
00:47:12,470 --> 00:47:12,480
bureaucracy is not going to budge an
 

2563
00:47:12,480 --> 00:47:15,190
bureaucracy is not going to budge an
inch, is there anything that the

2564
00:47:15,190 --> 00:47:15,200
inch, is there anything that the
 

2565
00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:17,190
inch, is there anything that the
scientific community and grassroots

2566
00:47:17,190 --> 00:47:17,200
scientific community and grassroots
 

2567
00:47:17,200 --> 00:47:19,109
scientific community and grassroots
movements can do? Is there something we

2568
00:47:19,109 --> 00:47:19,119
movements can do? Is there something we
 

2569
00:47:19,119 --> 00:47:23,349
movements can do? Is there something we
can do to just brill brilliantly reduce

2570
00:47:23,349 --> 00:47:23,359
can do to just brill brilliantly reduce
 

2571
00:47:23,359 --> 00:47:25,190
can do to just brill brilliantly reduce
the carbon content of the atmosphere

2572
00:47:25,190 --> 00:47:25,200
the carbon content of the atmosphere
 

2573
00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:27,349
the carbon content of the atmosphere
through some incredible genetically

2574
00:47:27,349 --> 00:47:27,359
through some incredible genetically
 

2575
00:47:27,359 --> 00:47:29,750
through some incredible genetically
engineered microorganism or or like just

2576
00:47:29,750 --> 00:47:29,760
engineered microorganism or or like just
 

2577
00:47:29,760 --> 00:47:31,190
engineered microorganism or or like just
to just take it into our own hands and

2578
00:47:31,190 --> 00:47:31,200
to just take it into our own hands and
 

2579
00:47:31,200 --> 00:47:33,030
to just take it into our own hands and
say, "All right, screw you guys. Screw

2580
00:47:33,030 --> 00:47:33,040
say, "All right, screw you guys. Screw
 

2581
00:47:33,040 --> 00:47:34,630
say, "All right, screw you guys. Screw
you fossil fuel industry. We'll do it

2582
00:47:34,630 --> 00:47:34,640
you fossil fuel industry. We'll do it
 

2583
00:47:34,640 --> 00:47:37,190
you fossil fuel industry. We'll do it
ourselves." Um, and just fix the whole

2584
00:47:37,190 --> 00:47:37,200
ourselves." Um, and just fix the whole
 

2585
00:47:37,200 --> 00:47:38,790
ourselves." Um, and just fix the whole
thing. Is there anything is there

2586
00:47:38,790 --> 00:47:38,800
thing. Is there anything is there
 

2587
00:47:38,800 --> 00:47:40,870
thing. Is there anything is there
anything that we can think of?

2588
00:47:40,870 --> 00:47:40,880
anything that we can think of?
 

2589
00:47:40,880 --> 00:47:43,430
anything that we can think of?
>> Yeah, geo geoengineering. I mean, one of

2590
00:47:43,430 --> 00:47:43,440
>> Yeah, geo geoengineering. I mean, one of
 

2591
00:47:43,440 --> 00:47:45,589
>> Yeah, geo geoengineering. I mean, one of
one of the things that has been mut

2592
00:47:45,589 --> 00:47:45,599
one of the things that has been mut
 

2593
00:47:45,599 --> 00:47:49,030
one of the things that has been mut
mooted is is to put a whole load of um

2594
00:47:49,030 --> 00:47:49,040
mooted is is to put a whole load of um
 

2595
00:47:49,040 --> 00:47:50,870
mooted is is to put a whole load of um
uh aerosol in the atmosphere and reflect

2596
00:47:50,870 --> 00:47:50,880
uh aerosol in the atmosphere and reflect
 

2597
00:47:50,880 --> 00:47:52,390
uh aerosol in the atmosphere and reflect
the sunlight, but it doesn't cure the

2598
00:47:52,390 --> 00:47:52,400
the sunlight, but it doesn't cure the
 

2599
00:47:52,400 --> 00:47:53,589
the sunlight, but it doesn't cure the
problem because you've still got the

2600
00:47:53,589 --> 00:47:53,599
problem because you've still got the
 

2601
00:47:53,599 --> 00:47:55,510
problem because you've still got the
underlying carbon dioxide still

2602
00:47:55,510 --> 00:47:55,520
underlying carbon dioxide still
 

2603
00:47:55,520 --> 00:47:58,150
underlying carbon dioxide still
accumulating underneath that. So, you

2604
00:47:58,150 --> 00:47:58,160
accumulating underneath that. So, you
 

2605
00:47:58,160 --> 00:47:59,109
accumulating underneath that. So, you
have to

2606
00:47:59,109 --> 00:47:59,119
have to
 

2607
00:47:59,119 --> 00:48:03,270
have to
>> put a shedload of um more aerosols up in

2608
00:48:03,270 --> 00:48:03,280
>> put a shedload of um more aerosols up in
 

2609
00:48:03,280 --> 00:48:04,470
>> put a shedload of um more aerosols up in
the air for the next two or three

2610
00:48:04,470 --> 00:48:04,480
the air for the next two or three
 

2611
00:48:04,480 --> 00:48:07,030
the air for the next two or three
centuries to to mask that. and who's

2612
00:48:07,030 --> 00:48:07,040
centuries to to mask that. and who's
 

2613
00:48:07,040 --> 00:48:09,430
centuries to to mask that. and who's
going to pay for it? Um, organisms on

2614
00:48:09,430 --> 00:48:09,440
going to pay for it? Um, organisms on
 

2615
00:48:09,440 --> 00:48:11,829
going to pay for it? Um, organisms on
ground. I mean, you know, people are

2616
00:48:11,829 --> 00:48:11,839
ground. I mean, you know, people are
 

2617
00:48:11,839 --> 00:48:16,390
ground. I mean, you know, people are
doing as much as they can to uh inc to

2618
00:48:16,390 --> 00:48:16,400
doing as much as they can to uh inc to
 

2619
00:48:16,400 --> 00:48:18,710
doing as much as they can to uh inc to
green the earth. Um, I mean, there's a

2620
00:48:18,710 --> 00:48:18,720
green the earth. Um, I mean, there's a
 

2621
00:48:18,720 --> 00:48:21,750
green the earth. Um, I mean, there's a
certain amount of greening 10 10% of uh

2622
00:48:21,750 --> 00:48:21,760
certain amount of greening 10 10% of uh
 

2623
00:48:21,760 --> 00:48:25,190
certain amount of greening 10 10% of uh
the biomass uh sorry, the carbon dioxide

2624
00:48:25,190 --> 00:48:25,200
the biomass uh sorry, the carbon dioxide
 

2625
00:48:25,200 --> 00:48:26,630
the biomass uh sorry, the carbon dioxide
going into the atmosphere is going into

2626
00:48:26,630 --> 00:48:26,640
going into the atmosphere is going into
 

2627
00:48:26,640 --> 00:48:28,630
going into the atmosphere is going into
the biomass, which is good. Doesn't help

2628
00:48:28,630 --> 00:48:28,640
the biomass, which is good. Doesn't help
 

2629
00:48:28,640 --> 00:48:30,309
the biomass, which is good. Doesn't help
us unfortunately because it's going into

2630
00:48:30,309 --> 00:48:30,319
us unfortunately because it's going into
 

2631
00:48:30,319 --> 00:48:32,870
us unfortunately because it's going into
all the things we can't eat. Um, you

2632
00:48:32,870 --> 00:48:32,880
all the things we can't eat. Um, you
 

2633
00:48:32,880 --> 00:48:35,030
all the things we can't eat. Um, you
know, weeds and desert scrub and stuff.

2634
00:48:35,030 --> 00:48:35,040
know, weeds and desert scrub and stuff.
 

2635
00:48:35,040 --> 00:48:36,470
know, weeds and desert scrub and stuff.
That's not going to help us. So don't

2636
00:48:36,470 --> 00:48:36,480
That's not going to help us. So don't
 

2637
00:48:36,480 --> 00:48:38,309
That's not going to help us. So don't
think someone say, "Oh yeah, but that's

2638
00:48:38,309 --> 00:48:38,319
think someone say, "Oh yeah, but that's
 

2639
00:48:38,319 --> 00:48:39,510
think someone say, "Oh yeah, but that's
the answer. That's not going to get us

2640
00:48:39,510 --> 00:48:39,520
the answer. That's not going to get us
 

2641
00:48:39,520 --> 00:48:41,910
the answer. That's not going to get us
out of it." But no, there are all kinds

2642
00:48:41,910 --> 00:48:41,920
out of it." But no, there are all kinds
 

2643
00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:43,910
out of it." But no, there are all kinds
of things that we we can do on a very

2644
00:48:43,910 --> 00:48:43,920
of things that we we can do on a very
 

2645
00:48:43,920 --> 00:48:47,030
of things that we we can do on a very
local, very um personal level, but

2646
00:48:47,030 --> 00:48:47,040
local, very um personal level, but
 

2647
00:48:47,040 --> 00:48:48,790
local, very um personal level, but
ultimately it's going to have to be

2648
00:48:48,790 --> 00:48:48,800
ultimately it's going to have to be
 

2649
00:48:48,800 --> 00:48:50,470
ultimately it's going to have to be
solved by people recognizing that

2650
00:48:50,470 --> 00:48:50,480
solved by people recognizing that
 

2651
00:48:50,480 --> 00:48:53,109
solved by people recognizing that
there's a problem and saying it doesn't

2652
00:48:53,109 --> 00:48:53,119
there's a problem and saying it doesn't
 

2653
00:48:53,119 --> 00:48:55,990
there's a problem and saying it doesn't
have to cost us anything to do this.

2654
00:48:55,990 --> 00:48:56,000
have to cost us anything to do this.
 

2655
00:48:56,000 --> 00:48:59,910
have to cost us anything to do this.
They now wind turbines and solar panels

2656
00:48:59,910 --> 00:48:59,920
They now wind turbines and solar panels
 

2657
00:48:59,920 --> 00:49:03,270
They now wind turbines and solar panels
are now so cheap. Uh here in Australia,

2658
00:49:03,270 --> 00:49:03,280
are now so cheap. Uh here in Australia,
 

2659
00:49:03,280 --> 00:49:04,390
are now so cheap. Uh here in Australia,
and I don't know if that's the same in

2660
00:49:04,390 --> 00:49:04,400
and I don't know if that's the same in
 

2661
00:49:04,400 --> 00:49:05,670
and I don't know if that's the same in
the States, now our solar panels here

2662
00:49:05,670 --> 00:49:05,680
the States, now our solar panels here
 

2663
00:49:05,680 --> 00:49:07,430
the States, now our solar panels here
are being used as fencing because

2664
00:49:07,430 --> 00:49:07,440
are being used as fencing because
 

2665
00:49:07,440 --> 00:49:09,270
are being used as fencing because
they're cheaper than fencing and you can

2666
00:49:09,270 --> 00:49:09,280
they're cheaper than fencing and you can
 

2667
00:49:09,280 --> 00:49:12,069
they're cheaper than fencing and you can
hook the solar panels up to a grid. And

2668
00:49:12,069 --> 00:49:12,079
hook the solar panels up to a grid. And
 

2669
00:49:12,079 --> 00:49:15,589
hook the solar panels up to a grid. And
wind turbines now in the UK are so cheap

2670
00:49:15,589 --> 00:49:15,599
wind turbines now in the UK are so cheap
 

2671
00:49:15,599 --> 00:49:18,069
wind turbines now in the UK are so cheap
that they are much cheaper than new uh

2672
00:49:18,069 --> 00:49:18,079
that they are much cheaper than new uh
 

2673
00:49:18,079 --> 00:49:22,069
that they are much cheaper than new uh
coal powered uh coal fired powered

2674
00:49:22,069 --> 00:49:22,079
coal powered uh coal fired powered
 

2675
00:49:22,079 --> 00:49:26,230
coal powered uh coal fired powered
stations uh for electricity. So the

2676
00:49:26,230 --> 00:49:26,240
stations uh for electricity. So the
 

2677
00:49:26,240 --> 00:49:28,150
stations uh for electricity. So the
gradually the technology is getting

2678
00:49:28,150 --> 00:49:28,160
gradually the technology is getting
 

2679
00:49:28,160 --> 00:49:30,230
gradually the technology is getting
there. We've got electric cars now which

2680
00:49:30,230 --> 00:49:30,240
there. We've got electric cars now which
 

2681
00:49:30,240 --> 00:49:32,309
there. We've got electric cars now which
are much more economical. And once

2682
00:49:32,309 --> 00:49:32,319
are much more economical. And once
 

2683
00:49:32,319 --> 00:49:33,990
are much more economical. And once
things become more economical, once

2684
00:49:33,990 --> 00:49:34,000
things become more economical, once
 

2685
00:49:34,000 --> 00:49:35,589
things become more economical, once
people realize they can actually save

2686
00:49:35,589 --> 00:49:35,599
people realize they can actually save
 

2687
00:49:35,599 --> 00:49:37,430
people realize they can actually save
money with these things, if they're not

2688
00:49:37,430 --> 00:49:37,440
money with these things, if they're not
 

2689
00:49:37,440 --> 00:49:40,390
money with these things, if they're not
just ideologically or religiously bound

2690
00:49:40,390 --> 00:49:40,400
just ideologically or religiously bound
 

2691
00:49:40,400 --> 00:49:42,790
just ideologically or religiously bound
to oppose whatever it is the

2692
00:49:42,790 --> 00:49:42,800
to oppose whatever it is the
 

2693
00:49:42,800 --> 00:49:45,270
to oppose whatever it is the
environmental lobby is looking at, if

2694
00:49:45,270 --> 00:49:45,280
environmental lobby is looking at, if
 

2695
00:49:45,280 --> 00:49:46,790
environmental lobby is looking at, if
they could just open their eyes and say,

2696
00:49:46,790 --> 00:49:46,800
they could just open their eyes and say,
 

2697
00:49:46,800 --> 00:49:48,630
they could just open their eyes and say,
"Well, actually, yeah, we could we could

2698
00:49:48,630 --> 00:49:48,640
"Well, actually, yeah, we could we could
 

2699
00:49:48,640 --> 00:49:51,270
"Well, actually, yeah, we could we could
save money on this." Um, this is

2700
00:49:51,270 --> 00:49:51,280
save money on this." Um, this is
 

2701
00:49:51,280 --> 00:49:52,390
save money on this." Um, this is
ultimately the way it's going to go

2702
00:49:52,390 --> 00:49:52,400
ultimately the way it's going to go
 

2703
00:49:52,400 --> 00:49:54,710
ultimately the way it's going to go
because this is what we have to do is

2704
00:49:54,710 --> 00:49:54,720
because this is what we have to do is
 

2705
00:49:54,720 --> 00:49:56,069
because this is what we have to do is
make things cheap enough that people are

2706
00:49:56,069 --> 00:49:56,079
make things cheap enough that people are
 

2707
00:49:56,079 --> 00:49:57,510
make things cheap enough that people are
going to want to do it because it saves

2708
00:49:57,510 --> 00:49:57,520
going to want to do it because it saves
 

2709
00:49:57,520 --> 00:49:59,430
going to want to do it because it saves
them money and it's going to be a lot

2710
00:49:59,430 --> 00:49:59,440
them money and it's going to be a lot
 

2711
00:49:59,440 --> 00:50:02,309
them money and it's going to be a lot
cheaper in the long term to do these

2712
00:50:02,309 --> 00:50:02,319
cheaper in the long term to do these
 

2713
00:50:02,319 --> 00:50:04,309
cheaper in the long term to do these
things now to save money in the short

2714
00:50:04,309 --> 00:50:04,319
things now to save money in the short
 

2715
00:50:04,319 --> 00:50:07,589
things now to save money in the short
term and not have to pay for seaw walls

2716
00:50:07,589 --> 00:50:07,599
term and not have to pay for seaw walls
 

2717
00:50:07,599 --> 00:50:10,950
term and not have to pay for seaw walls
and and crop failures and uh freshwater

2718
00:50:10,950 --> 00:50:10,960
and and crop failures and uh freshwater
 

2719
00:50:10,960 --> 00:50:12,790
and and crop failures and uh freshwater
problems in the future because that will

2720
00:50:12,790 --> 00:50:12,800
problems in the future because that will
 

2721
00:50:12,800 --> 00:50:15,030
problems in the future because that will
cost us. Yeah, I mean this does

2722
00:50:15,030 --> 00:50:15,040
cost us. Yeah, I mean this does
 

2723
00:50:15,040 --> 00:50:17,109
cost us. Yeah, I mean this does
endlessly mystify me is I've just never

2724
00:50:17,109 --> 00:50:17,119
endlessly mystify me is I've just never
 

2725
00:50:17,119 --> 00:50:18,870
endlessly mystify me is I've just never
really fully understood why these

2726
00:50:18,870 --> 00:50:18,880
really fully understood why these
 

2727
00:50:18,880 --> 00:50:20,790
really fully understood why these
gigantic energy conglomerates don't

2728
00:50:20,790 --> 00:50:20,800
gigantic energy conglomerates don't
 

2729
00:50:20,800 --> 00:50:22,870
gigantic energy conglomerates don't
invest enormous amounts of money into

2730
00:50:22,870 --> 00:50:22,880
invest enormous amounts of money into
 

2731
00:50:22,880 --> 00:50:24,630
invest enormous amounts of money into
these alternative energy sources and

2732
00:50:24,630 --> 00:50:24,640
these alternative energy sources and
 

2733
00:50:24,640 --> 00:50:26,630
these alternative energy sources and
then profit off of those. Right? You can

2734
00:50:26,630 --> 00:50:26,640
then profit off of those. Right? You can
 

2735
00:50:26,640 --> 00:50:28,790
then profit off of those. Right? You can
still be this gigantic corporation

2736
00:50:28,790 --> 00:50:28,800
still be this gigantic corporation
 

2737
00:50:28,800 --> 00:50:30,950
still be this gigantic corporation
making unbelievable amounts of money.

2738
00:50:30,950 --> 00:50:30,960
making unbelievable amounts of money.
 

2739
00:50:30,960 --> 00:50:32,790
making unbelievable amounts of money.
Just stop screwing over the entire uh

2740
00:50:32,790 --> 00:50:32,800
Just stop screwing over the entire uh
 

2741
00:50:32,800 --> 00:50:34,870
Just stop screwing over the entire uh
human civilization. But as you said, I

2742
00:50:34,870 --> 00:50:34,880
human civilization. But as you said, I
 

2743
00:50:34,880 --> 00:50:36,710
human civilization. But as you said, I
mean, I I guess I guess I guess that's

2744
00:50:36,710 --> 00:50:36,720
mean, I I guess I guess I guess that's
 

2745
00:50:36,720 --> 00:50:38,230
mean, I I guess I guess I guess that's
the answer to my question is that the

2746
00:50:38,230 --> 00:50:38,240
the answer to my question is that the
 

2747
00:50:38,240 --> 00:50:40,150
the answer to my question is that the
scientific community needs to innovate

2748
00:50:40,150 --> 00:50:40,160
scientific community needs to innovate
 

2749
00:50:40,160 --> 00:50:43,430
scientific community needs to innovate
these energy sources to the degree to to

2750
00:50:43,430 --> 00:50:43,440
these energy sources to the degree to to
 

2751
00:50:43,440 --> 00:50:45,349
these energy sources to the degree to to
such an astonishing degree that they

2752
00:50:45,349 --> 00:50:45,359
such an astonishing degree that they
 

2753
00:50:45,359 --> 00:50:47,829
such an astonishing degree that they
become undeniably so much cheaper than

2754
00:50:47,829 --> 00:50:47,839
become undeniably so much cheaper than
 

2755
00:50:47,839 --> 00:50:49,510
become undeniably so much cheaper than
traditional sources of energy that

2756
00:50:49,510 --> 00:50:49,520
traditional sources of energy that
 

2757
00:50:49,520 --> 00:50:52,230
traditional sources of energy that
everybody switches and that's and that's

2758
00:50:52,230 --> 00:50:52,240
everybody switches and that's and that's
 

2759
00:50:52,240 --> 00:50:54,069
everybody switches and that's and that's
the end. You know what I mean? I I think

2760
00:50:54,069 --> 00:50:54,079
the end. You know what I mean? I I think
 

2761
00:50:54,079 --> 00:50:55,589
the end. You know what I mean? I I think
I mean I'm probably a bit more

2762
00:50:55,589 --> 00:50:55,599
I mean I'm probably a bit more
 

2763
00:50:55,599 --> 00:50:59,190
I mean I'm probably a bit more
optimistic than you because I I I tend

2764
00:50:59,190 --> 00:50:59,200
optimistic than you because I I I tend
 

2765
00:50:59,200 --> 00:51:01,270
optimistic than you because I I I tend
to in when I'm doing technology stories

2766
00:51:01,270 --> 00:51:01,280
to in when I'm doing technology stories
 

2767
00:51:01,280 --> 00:51:04,230
to in when I'm doing technology stories
I I go to events where they are coming

2768
00:51:04,230 --> 00:51:04,240
I I go to events where they are coming
 

2769
00:51:04,240 --> 00:51:06,069
I I go to events where they are coming
out with all these new technologies and

2770
00:51:06,069 --> 00:51:06,079
out with all these new technologies and
 

2771
00:51:06,079 --> 00:51:08,710
out with all these new technologies and
I'm seeing synthetic fuels in aircraft

2772
00:51:08,710 --> 00:51:08,720
I'm seeing synthetic fuels in aircraft
 

2773
00:51:08,720 --> 00:51:11,510
I'm seeing synthetic fuels in aircraft
and uh you know there's there's all

2774
00:51:11,510 --> 00:51:11,520
and uh you know there's there's all
 

2775
00:51:11,520 --> 00:51:13,270
and uh you know there's there's all
kinds of ways now that they can store

2776
00:51:13,270 --> 00:51:13,280
kinds of ways now that they can store
 

2777
00:51:13,280 --> 00:51:15,589
kinds of ways now that they can store
energy which they never could before. Um

2778
00:51:15,589 --> 00:51:15,599
energy which they never could before. Um
 

2779
00:51:15,599 --> 00:51:18,470
energy which they never could before. Um
I one of the examples I give Dave um is

2780
00:51:18,470 --> 00:51:18,480
I one of the examples I give Dave um is
 

2781
00:51:18,480 --> 00:51:22,069
I one of the examples I give Dave um is
I went to South Australia um where the

2782
00:51:22,069 --> 00:51:22,079
I went to South Australia um where the
 

2783
00:51:22,079 --> 00:51:24,230
I went to South Australia um where the
Labor government which is the left-wing

2784
00:51:24,230 --> 00:51:24,240
Labor government which is the left-wing
 

2785
00:51:24,240 --> 00:51:26,950
Labor government which is the left-wing
government here had put in um they

2786
00:51:26,950 --> 00:51:26,960
government here had put in um they
 

2787
00:51:26,960 --> 00:51:28,630
government here had put in um they
they'd got rid of some coal fired power

2788
00:51:28,630 --> 00:51:28,640
they'd got rid of some coal fired power
 

2789
00:51:28,640 --> 00:51:30,710
they'd got rid of some coal fired power
stations and put in wind turbines and

2790
00:51:30,710 --> 00:51:30,720
stations and put in wind turbines and
 

2791
00:51:30,720 --> 00:51:32,150
stations and put in wind turbines and
solar panels and so on and the

2792
00:51:32,150 --> 00:51:32,160
solar panels and so on and the
 

2793
00:51:32,160 --> 00:51:34,230
solar panels and so on and the
opposition the Conservative party which

2794
00:51:34,230 --> 00:51:34,240
opposition the Conservative party which
 

2795
00:51:34,240 --> 00:51:36,309
opposition the Conservative party which
here confusingly is called the Liberal

2796
00:51:36,309 --> 00:51:36,319
here confusingly is called the Liberal
 

2797
00:51:36,319 --> 00:51:40,309
here confusingly is called the Liberal
Party. Um, they all said uh they all

2798
00:51:40,309 --> 00:51:40,319
Party. Um, they all said uh they all
 

2799
00:51:40,319 --> 00:51:41,430
Party. Um, they all said uh they all
said that as soon as they get into

2800
00:51:41,430 --> 00:51:41,440
said that as soon as they get into
 

2801
00:51:41,440 --> 00:51:42,870
said that as soon as they get into
power, they're going to scrap all this

2802
00:51:42,870 --> 00:51:42,880
power, they're going to scrap all this
 

2803
00:51:42,880 --> 00:51:45,430
power, they're going to scrap all this
mambby pami woke nonsense of of

2804
00:51:45,430 --> 00:51:45,440
mambby pami woke nonsense of of
 

2805
00:51:45,440 --> 00:51:47,270
mambby pami woke nonsense of of
renewable energy. Well, they did get

2806
00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:47,280
renewable energy. Well, they did get
 

2807
00:51:47,280 --> 00:51:49,030
renewable energy. Well, they did get
into power a few years later. And they

2808
00:51:49,030 --> 00:51:49,040
into power a few years later. And they
 

2809
00:51:49,040 --> 00:51:51,430
into power a few years later. And they
not only kept the systems that the Labor

2810
00:51:51,430 --> 00:51:51,440
not only kept the systems that the Labor
 

2811
00:51:51,440 --> 00:51:53,510
not only kept the systems that the Labor
Party had put in, they expanded them.

2812
00:51:53,510 --> 00:51:53,520
Party had put in, they expanded them.
 

2813
00:51:53,520 --> 00:51:57,270
Party had put in, they expanded them.
They actually built more um uh wind

2814
00:51:57,270 --> 00:51:57,280
They actually built more um uh wind
 

2815
00:51:57,280 --> 00:51:59,670
They actually built more um uh wind
turbines. they destroyed a couple of

2816
00:51:59,670 --> 00:51:59,680
turbines. they destroyed a couple of
 

2817
00:51:59,680 --> 00:52:01,910
turbines. they destroyed a couple of
coal fired power stations because the

2818
00:52:01,910 --> 00:52:01,920
coal fired power stations because the
 

2819
00:52:01,920 --> 00:52:05,750
coal fired power stations because the
thing was so successful and and so cheap

2820
00:52:05,750 --> 00:52:05,760
thing was so successful and and so cheap
 

2821
00:52:05,760 --> 00:52:08,470
thing was so successful and and so cheap
um that it it was working and ultimately

2822
00:52:08,470 --> 00:52:08,480
um that it it was working and ultimately
 

2823
00:52:08,480 --> 00:52:11,510
um that it it was working and ultimately
that's we're all pragmatists in the end

2824
00:52:11,510 --> 00:52:11,520
that's we're all pragmatists in the end
 

2825
00:52:11,520 --> 00:52:14,309
that's we're all pragmatists in the end
whatever political beliefs are and and

2826
00:52:14,309 --> 00:52:14,319
whatever political beliefs are and and
 

2827
00:52:14,319 --> 00:52:16,790
whatever political beliefs are and and
that was a success story. So uh and and

2828
00:52:16,790 --> 00:52:16,800
that was a success story. So uh and and
 

2829
00:52:16,800 --> 00:52:18,630
that was a success story. So uh and and
the other thing they did was Elon Musk

2830
00:52:18,630 --> 00:52:18,640
the other thing they did was Elon Musk
 

2831
00:52:18,640 --> 00:52:19,990
the other thing they did was Elon Musk
came in and built a massive great

2832
00:52:19,990 --> 00:52:20,000
came in and built a massive great
 

2833
00:52:20,000 --> 00:52:21,829
came in and built a massive great
battery which stabilized the whole

2834
00:52:21,829 --> 00:52:21,839
battery which stabilized the whole
 

2835
00:52:21,839 --> 00:52:23,270
battery which stabilized the whole
energy system. It's one of the most

2836
00:52:23,270 --> 00:52:23,280
energy system. It's one of the most
 

2837
00:52:23,280 --> 00:52:25,349
energy system. It's one of the most
successful projects in Australia and

2838
00:52:25,349 --> 00:52:25,359
successful projects in Australia and
 

2839
00:52:25,359 --> 00:52:27,750
successful projects in Australia and
it's now being copied elsewhere. And I

2840
00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:27,760
it's now being copied elsewhere. And I
 

2841
00:52:27,760 --> 00:52:30,069
it's now being copied elsewhere. And I
think we're going to see God, if you

2842
00:52:30,069 --> 00:52:30,079
think we're going to see God, if you
 

2843
00:52:30,079 --> 00:52:32,790
think we're going to see God, if you
look at the crisis at the moment. If if

2844
00:52:32,790 --> 00:52:32,800
look at the crisis at the moment. If if
 

2845
00:52:32,800 --> 00:52:34,870
look at the crisis at the moment. If if
you wanted to know why it's not a good

2846
00:52:34,870 --> 00:52:34,880
you wanted to know why it's not a good
 

2847
00:52:34,880 --> 00:52:37,589
you wanted to know why it's not a good
idea to be so dependent on oil, I think

2848
00:52:37,589 --> 00:52:37,599
idea to be so dependent on oil, I think
 

2849
00:52:37,599 --> 00:52:40,390
idea to be so dependent on oil, I think
recent events have told us why. Um the

2850
00:52:40,390 --> 00:52:40,400
recent events have told us why. Um the
 

2851
00:52:40,400 --> 00:52:42,309
recent events have told us why. Um the
people who bought electric cars and are

2852
00:52:42,309 --> 00:52:42,319
people who bought electric cars and are
 

2853
00:52:42,319 --> 00:52:44,630
people who bought electric cars and are
running those off renewable energy are

2854
00:52:44,630 --> 00:52:44,640
running those off renewable energy are
 

2855
00:52:44,640 --> 00:52:46,790
running those off renewable energy are
now laughing because they don't have to

2856
00:52:46,790 --> 00:52:46,800
now laughing because they don't have to
 

2857
00:52:46,800 --> 00:52:47,910
now laughing because they don't have to
worry about price of gas.

2858
00:52:47,910 --> 00:52:47,920
worry about price of gas.
 

2859
00:52:47,920 --> 00:52:49,270
worry about price of gas.
>> They don't have to worry about gas going

2860
00:52:49,270 --> 00:52:49,280
>> They don't have to worry about gas going
 

2861
00:52:49,280 --> 00:52:51,910
>> They don't have to worry about gas going
up. Yeah, maybe that's it. Maybe just

2862
00:52:51,910 --> 00:52:51,920
up. Yeah, maybe that's it. Maybe just
 

2863
00:52:51,920 --> 00:52:55,270
up. Yeah, maybe that's it. Maybe just
one day, like 10 years from now, um

2864
00:52:55,270 --> 00:52:55,280
one day, like 10 years from now, um
 

2865
00:52:55,280 --> 00:52:57,670
one day, like 10 years from now, um
everything will pivot on a dime and all

2866
00:52:57,670 --> 00:52:57,680
everything will pivot on a dime and all
 

2867
00:52:57,680 --> 00:52:59,430
everything will pivot on a dime and all
of those conglomerates will go, "Just

2868
00:52:59,430 --> 00:52:59,440
of those conglomerates will go, "Just
 

2869
00:52:59,440 --> 00:53:01,589
of those conglomerates will go, "Just
kidding. Sorry. We're done. We're done

2870
00:53:01,589 --> 00:53:01,599
kidding. Sorry. We're done. We're done
 

2871
00:53:01,599 --> 00:53:02,950
kidding. Sorry. We're done. We're done
with that now because this is cheaper

2872
00:53:02,950 --> 00:53:02,960
with that now because this is cheaper
 

2873
00:53:02,960 --> 00:53:04,309
with that now because this is cheaper
and we can make more money with this.

2874
00:53:04,309 --> 00:53:04,319
and we can make more money with this.
 

2875
00:53:04,319 --> 00:53:06,150
and we can make more money with this.
So, we're done. Don't worry. It's all

2876
00:53:06,150 --> 00:53:06,160
So, we're done. Don't worry. It's all
 

2877
00:53:06,160 --> 00:53:07,430
So, we're done. Don't worry. It's all
over."

2878
00:53:07,430 --> 00:53:07,440
over."
 

2879
00:53:07,440 --> 00:53:08,790
over."
>> Yeah. And I think I think the tipping

2880
00:53:08,790 --> 00:53:08,800
>> Yeah. And I think I think the tipping
 

2881
00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:10,150
>> Yeah. And I think I think the tipping
the tipping point is with us. I mean,

2882
00:53:10,150 --> 00:53:10,160
the tipping point is with us. I mean,
 

2883
00:53:10,160 --> 00:53:12,150
the tipping point is with us. I mean,
love to see nuclear fusion, which now

2884
00:53:12,150 --> 00:53:12,160
love to see nuclear fusion, which now
 

2885
00:53:12,160 --> 00:53:13,829
love to see nuclear fusion, which now
>> Exactly. Yeah. I talk about fusion a lot

2886
00:53:13,829 --> 00:53:13,839
>> Exactly. Yeah. I talk about fusion a lot
 

2887
00:53:13,839 --> 00:53:14,470
>> Exactly. Yeah. I talk about fusion a lot
as well.

2888
00:53:14,470 --> 00:53:14,480
as well.
 

2889
00:53:14,480 --> 00:53:15,910
as well.
>> Breakthrough. Yeah. And then that's had

2890
00:53:15,910 --> 00:53:15,920
>> Breakthrough. Yeah. And then that's had
 

2891
00:53:15,920 --> 00:53:18,710
>> Breakthrough. Yeah. And then that's had
a breakthrough. Not my field, but uh but

2892
00:53:18,710 --> 00:53:18,720
a breakthrough. Not my field, but uh but
 

2893
00:53:18,720 --> 00:53:21,109
a breakthrough. Not my field, but uh but
that's fantastic. Yeah. My understanding

2894
00:53:21,109 --> 00:53:21,119
that's fantastic. Yeah. My understanding
 

2895
00:53:21,119 --> 00:53:25,190
that's fantastic. Yeah. My understanding
is that we not even that recently hit uh

2896
00:53:25,190 --> 00:53:25,200
is that we not even that recently hit uh
 

2897
00:53:25,200 --> 00:53:28,390
is that we not even that recently hit uh
hit um break even output with one of the

2898
00:53:28,390 --> 00:53:28,400
hit um break even output with one of the
 

2899
00:53:28,400 --> 00:53:29,990
hit um break even output with one of the
tokamaxs. I don't remember what it was,

2900
00:53:29,990 --> 00:53:30,000
tokamaxs. I don't remember what it was,
 

2901
00:53:30,000 --> 00:53:31,670
tokamaxs. I don't remember what it was,
but I I don't know. I I haven't

2902
00:53:31,670 --> 00:53:31,680
but I I don't know. I I haven't
 

2903
00:53:31,680 --> 00:53:33,990
but I I don't know. I I haven't
completely kept up on that, but yeah, I

2904
00:53:33,990 --> 00:53:34,000
completely kept up on that, but yeah, I
 

2905
00:53:34,000 --> 00:53:36,069
completely kept up on that, but yeah, I
mean it seems like certainly we're not

2906
00:53:36,069 --> 00:53:36,079
mean it seems like certainly we're not
 

2907
00:53:36,079 --> 00:53:38,309
mean it seems like certainly we're not
too too far away from that being viable.

2908
00:53:38,309 --> 00:53:38,319
too too far away from that being viable.
 

2909
00:53:38,319 --> 00:53:41,829
too too far away from that being viable.
Um so yeah, in the end the scientists

2910
00:53:41,829 --> 00:53:41,839
Um so yeah, in the end the scientists
 

2911
00:53:41,839 --> 00:53:44,069
Um so yeah, in the end the scientists
and the engineers will save the day uh

2912
00:53:44,069 --> 00:53:44,079
and the engineers will save the day uh
 

2913
00:53:44,079 --> 00:53:48,230
and the engineers will save the day uh
as always. Uh and um yeah, I don't know.

2914
00:53:48,230 --> 00:53:48,240
as always. Uh and um yeah, I don't know.
 

2915
00:53:48,240 --> 00:53:49,190
as always. Uh and um yeah, I don't know.
That's it.

2916
00:53:49,190 --> 00:53:49,200
That's it.
 

2917
00:53:49,200 --> 00:53:50,790
That's it.
>> But I think what you're what you're

2918
00:53:50,790 --> 00:53:50,800
>> But I think what you're what you're
 

2919
00:53:50,800 --> 00:53:53,349
>> But I think what you're what you're
doing is is fantastic because uh you

2920
00:53:53,349 --> 00:53:53,359
doing is is fantastic because uh you
 

2921
00:53:53,359 --> 00:53:55,829
doing is is fantastic because uh you
know being a science communicator who

2922
00:53:55,829 --> 00:53:55,839
know being a science communicator who
 

2923
00:53:55,839 --> 00:53:58,710
know being a science communicator who
who can get things across to people and

2924
00:53:58,710 --> 00:53:58,720
who can get things across to people and
 

2925
00:53:58,720 --> 00:54:01,109
who can get things across to people and
and help them understand that what

2926
00:54:01,109 --> 00:54:01,119
and help them understand that what
 

2927
00:54:01,119 --> 00:54:03,109
and help them understand that what
they're seeing on the internet is not

2928
00:54:03,109 --> 00:54:03,119
they're seeing on the internet is not
 

2929
00:54:03,119 --> 00:54:04,390
they're seeing on the internet is not
necessarily

2930
00:54:04,390 --> 00:54:04,400
necessarily
 

2931
00:54:04,400 --> 00:54:06,630
necessarily
>> good science. I mean I loved your inter

2932
00:54:06,630 --> 00:54:06,640
>> good science. I mean I loved your inter
 

2933
00:54:06,640 --> 00:54:08,309
>> good science. I mean I loved your inter
interactions with Ben Davidson which

2934
00:54:08,309 --> 00:54:08,319
interactions with Ben Davidson which
 

2935
00:54:08,319 --> 00:54:11,109
interactions with Ben Davidson which
have been so so similar to mine and the

2936
00:54:11,109 --> 00:54:11,119
have been so so similar to mine and the
 

2937
00:54:11,119 --> 00:54:12,790
have been so so similar to mine and the
guy is an absolute pussycat. When you

2938
00:54:12,790 --> 00:54:12,800
guy is an absolute pussycat. When you
 

2939
00:54:12,800 --> 00:54:15,270
guy is an absolute pussycat. When you
get him in a corner he knows absolutely

2940
00:54:15,270 --> 00:54:15,280
get him in a corner he knows absolutely
 

2941
00:54:15,280 --> 00:54:17,829
get him in a corner he knows absolutely
nothing. Um, but I mean the these

2942
00:54:17,829 --> 00:54:17,839
nothing. Um, but I mean the these
 

2943
00:54:17,839 --> 00:54:19,510
nothing. Um, but I mean the these
people, these charlatans who put

2944
00:54:19,510 --> 00:54:19,520
people, these charlatans who put
 

2945
00:54:19,520 --> 00:54:21,829
people, these charlatans who put
themselves out there as gurus who who

2946
00:54:21,829 --> 00:54:21,839
themselves out there as gurus who who
 

2947
00:54:21,839 --> 00:54:23,270
themselves out there as gurus who who
say, "I know everything. I know better

2948
00:54:23,270 --> 00:54:23,280
say, "I know everything. I know better
 

2949
00:54:23,280 --> 00:54:25,109
say, "I know everything. I know better
than the scientists, when you actually

2950
00:54:25,109 --> 00:54:25,119
than the scientists, when you actually
 

2951
00:54:25,119 --> 00:54:26,790
than the scientists, when you actually
get them in a corner, they really know

2952
00:54:26,790 --> 00:54:26,800
get them in a corner, they really know
 

2953
00:54:26,800 --> 00:54:29,910
get them in a corner, they really know
nothing." So, I would urge everybody um

2954
00:54:29,910 --> 00:54:29,920
nothing." So, I would urge everybody um
 

2955
00:54:29,920 --> 00:54:33,109
nothing." So, I would urge everybody um
to to listen to the science that you're

2956
00:54:33,109 --> 00:54:33,119
to to listen to the science that you're
 

2957
00:54:33,119 --> 00:54:36,069
to to listen to the science that you're
um putting out there and learn how to

2958
00:54:36,069 --> 00:54:36,079
um putting out there and learn how to
 

2959
00:54:36,079 --> 00:54:39,030
um putting out there and learn how to
deal with the these um conspiracy

2960
00:54:39,030 --> 00:54:39,040
deal with the these um conspiracy
 

2961
00:54:39,040 --> 00:54:40,630
deal with the these um conspiracy
theorists who are getting a lot of their

2962
00:54:40,630 --> 00:54:40,640
theorists who are getting a lot of their
 

2963
00:54:40,640 --> 00:54:42,950
theorists who are getting a lot of their
science off the internet. Um, I think

2964
00:54:42,950 --> 00:54:42,960
science off the internet. Um, I think
 

2965
00:54:42,960 --> 00:54:44,630
science off the internet. Um, I think
that would be, you know, the best way

2966
00:54:44,630 --> 00:54:44,640
that would be, you know, the best way
 

2967
00:54:44,640 --> 00:54:46,630
that would be, you know, the best way
that we can combat it.

2968
00:54:46,630 --> 00:54:46,640
that we can combat it.
 

2969
00:54:46,640 --> 00:54:49,910
that we can combat it.
>> I agree. Yeah. Everybody watch me more.

2970
00:54:49,910 --> 00:54:49,920
>> I agree. Yeah. Everybody watch me more.
 

2971
00:54:49,920 --> 00:54:52,390
>> I agree. Yeah. Everybody watch me more.
No, I agree. I mean, it is it is what

2972
00:54:52,390 --> 00:54:52,400
No, I agree. I mean, it is it is what
 

2973
00:54:52,400 --> 00:54:54,309
No, I agree. I mean, it is it is what
I've kind of come to to realize is that

2974
00:54:54,309 --> 00:54:54,319
I've kind of come to to realize is that
 

2975
00:54:54,319 --> 00:54:56,390
I've kind of come to to realize is that
this is all an optics game and you do

2976
00:54:56,390 --> 00:54:56,400
this is all an optics game and you do
 

2977
00:54:56,400 --> 00:54:58,230
this is all an optics game and you do
have these very specific bad faith

2978
00:54:58,230 --> 00:54:58,240
have these very specific bad faith
 

2979
00:54:58,240 --> 00:54:59,910
have these very specific bad faith
actors that are trying to polarize the

2980
00:54:59,910 --> 00:54:59,920
actors that are trying to polarize the
 

2981
00:54:59,920 --> 00:55:02,309
actors that are trying to polarize the
public against uh against the scientific

2982
00:55:02,309 --> 00:55:02,319
public against uh against the scientific
 

2983
00:55:02,319 --> 00:55:03,910
public against uh against the scientific
community, against legitimate sources of

2984
00:55:03,910 --> 00:55:03,920
community, against legitimate sources of
 

2985
00:55:03,920 --> 00:55:05,829
community, against legitimate sources of
information. Um, and it's all for for

2986
00:55:05,829 --> 00:55:05,839
information. Um, and it's all for for
 

2987
00:55:05,839 --> 00:55:08,710
information. Um, and it's all for for
profit. So, um, this to me, I've said

2988
00:55:08,710 --> 00:55:08,720
profit. So, um, this to me, I've said
 

2989
00:55:08,720 --> 00:55:09,990
profit. So, um, this to me, I've said
this in a lot of my videos, this is

2990
00:55:09,990 --> 00:55:10,000
this in a lot of my videos, this is
 

2991
00:55:10,000 --> 00:55:13,030
this in a lot of my videos, this is
where the the war is being waged is, um,

2992
00:55:13,030 --> 00:55:13,040
where the the war is being waged is, um,
 

2993
00:55:13,040 --> 00:55:14,710
where the the war is being waged is, um,
is on the internet. It's a war of

2994
00:55:14,710 --> 00:55:14,720
is on the internet. It's a war of
 

2995
00:55:14,720 --> 00:55:17,750
is on the internet. It's a war of
information. Um, and so that's that's

2996
00:55:17,750 --> 00:55:17,760
information. Um, and so that's that's
 

2997
00:55:17,760 --> 00:55:19,109
information. Um, and so that's that's
where that's where I'm at. That's where

2998
00:55:19,109 --> 00:55:19,119
where that's where I'm at. That's where
 

2999
00:55:19,119 --> 00:55:21,030
where that's where I'm at. That's where
I spend all my time. And, uh, seems like

3000
00:55:21,030 --> 00:55:21,040
I spend all my time. And, uh, seems like
 

3001
00:55:21,040 --> 00:55:22,790
I spend all my time. And, uh, seems like
you as well. So, I think we're we're in

3002
00:55:22,790 --> 00:55:22,800
you as well. So, I think we're we're in
 

3003
00:55:22,800 --> 00:55:23,349
you as well. So, I think we're we're in
the right

3004
00:55:23,349 --> 00:55:23,359
the right
 

3005
00:55:23,359 --> 00:55:24,630
the right
>> Well, I mean, I think if you look at

3006
00:55:24,630 --> 00:55:24,640
>> Well, I mean, I think if you look at
 

3007
00:55:24,640 --> 00:55:27,670
>> Well, I mean, I think if you look at
public polling surveys, the message is

3008
00:55:27,670 --> 00:55:27,680
public polling surveys, the message is
 

3009
00:55:27,680 --> 00:55:28,710
public polling surveys, the message is
getting through. I think people are

3010
00:55:28,710 --> 00:55:28,720
getting through. I think people are
 

3011
00:55:28,720 --> 00:55:31,829
getting through. I think people are
beginning to understand it now. You

3012
00:55:31,829 --> 00:55:31,839
beginning to understand it now. You
 

3013
00:55:31,839 --> 00:55:33,589
beginning to understand it now. You
know, there's more support for action on

3014
00:55:33,589 --> 00:55:33,599
know, there's more support for action on
 

3015
00:55:33,599 --> 00:55:35,430
know, there's more support for action on
climate than there ever was.

3016
00:55:35,430 --> 00:55:35,440
climate than there ever was.
 

3017
00:55:35,440 --> 00:55:38,069
climate than there ever was.
>> Yeah. And in general, I see this like

3018
00:55:38,069 --> 00:55:38,079
>> Yeah. And in general, I see this like
 

3019
00:55:38,079 --> 00:55:41,270
>> Yeah. And in general, I see this like
where the COVID era plummeted plummeted

3020
00:55:41,270 --> 00:55:41,280
where the COVID era plummeted plummeted
 

3021
00:55:41,280 --> 00:55:43,910
where the COVID era plummeted plummeted
us into a local minimum of of of science

3022
00:55:43,910 --> 00:55:43,920
us into a local minimum of of of science
 

3023
00:55:43,920 --> 00:55:45,430
us into a local minimum of of of science
denial and distrust of the scientific

3024
00:55:45,430 --> 00:55:45,440
denial and distrust of the scientific
 

3025
00:55:45,440 --> 00:55:47,109
denial and distrust of the scientific
community. I think we're finally seeing

3026
00:55:47,109 --> 00:55:47,119
community. I think we're finally seeing
 

3027
00:55:47,119 --> 00:55:48,870
community. I think we're finally seeing
the pendulum swing the other way a

3028
00:55:48,870 --> 00:55:48,880
the pendulum swing the other way a
 

3029
00:55:48,880 --> 00:55:50,230
the pendulum swing the other way a
little bit. I think we're seeing the

3030
00:55:50,230 --> 00:55:50,240
little bit. I think we're seeing the
 

3031
00:55:50,240 --> 00:55:51,750
little bit. I think we're seeing the
ramifications of what that science

3032
00:55:51,750 --> 00:55:51,760
ramifications of what that science
 

3033
00:55:51,760 --> 00:55:54,150
ramifications of what that science
denial brought us and everyone's kind of

3034
00:55:54,150 --> 00:55:54,160
denial brought us and everyone's kind of
 

3035
00:55:54,160 --> 00:55:56,230
denial brought us and everyone's kind of
snapping to attention and and a lot more

3036
00:55:56,230 --> 00:55:56,240
snapping to attention and and a lot more
 

3037
00:55:56,240 --> 00:55:58,630
snapping to attention and and a lot more
scientists uh are are becoming more

3038
00:55:58,630 --> 00:55:58,640
scientists uh are are becoming more
 

3039
00:55:58,640 --> 00:55:59,990
scientists uh are are becoming more
vocal than ever before because they're

3040
00:55:59,990 --> 00:56:00,000
vocal than ever before because they're
 

3041
00:56:00,000 --> 00:56:02,150
vocal than ever before because they're
like, "Oh my gosh, this got so bad so

3042
00:56:02,150 --> 00:56:02,160
like, "Oh my gosh, this got so bad so
 

3043
00:56:02,160 --> 00:56:04,069
like, "Oh my gosh, this got so bad so
fast. Um, we need to do something."

3044
00:56:04,069 --> 00:56:04,079
fast. Um, we need to do something."
 

3045
00:56:04,079 --> 00:56:05,190
fast. Um, we need to do something."
thing. And so there's a lot more

3046
00:56:05,190 --> 00:56:05,200
thing. And so there's a lot more
 

3047
00:56:05,200 --> 00:56:07,750
thing. And so there's a lot more
communication. There's a lot more uh

3048
00:56:07,750 --> 00:56:07,760
communication. There's a lot more uh
 

3049
00:56:07,760 --> 00:56:10,710
communication. There's a lot more uh
push back on on these on these bad faith

3050
00:56:10,710 --> 00:56:10,720
push back on on these on these bad faith
 

3051
00:56:10,720 --> 00:56:13,030
push back on on these on these bad faith
actors. And so yeah, I just want to do

3052
00:56:13,030 --> 00:56:13,040
actors. And so yeah, I just want to do
 

3053
00:56:13,040 --> 00:56:15,109
actors. And so yeah, I just want to do
my part and and and help shine a

3054
00:56:15,109 --> 00:56:15,119
my part and and and help shine a
 

3055
00:56:15,119 --> 00:56:17,589
my part and and and help shine a
spotlight on uh whatever needs to be uh

3056
00:56:17,589 --> 00:56:17,599
spotlight on uh whatever needs to be uh
 

3057
00:56:17,599 --> 00:56:19,270
spotlight on uh whatever needs to be uh
elucidated. So yeah,

3058
00:56:19,270 --> 00:56:19,280
elucidated. So yeah,
 

3059
00:56:19,280 --> 00:56:20,870
elucidated. So yeah,
>> well, as they say in Australia, good on

3060
00:56:20,870 --> 00:56:20,880
>> well, as they say in Australia, good on
 

3061
00:56:20,880 --> 00:56:21,589
>> well, as they say in Australia, good on
you.

3062
00:56:21,589 --> 00:56:21,599
you.
 

3063
00:56:21,599 --> 00:56:23,990
you.
>> Yeah, you as well. Well, I can't think

3064
00:56:23,990 --> 00:56:24,000
>> Yeah, you as well. Well, I can't think
 

3065
00:56:24,000 --> 00:56:25,670
>> Yeah, you as well. Well, I can't think
of any I think that was that was that

3066
00:56:25,670 --> 00:56:25,680
of any I think that was that was that
 

3067
00:56:25,680 --> 00:56:27,190
of any I think that was that was that
was a great talk. I think everybody got

3068
00:56:27,190 --> 00:56:27,200
was a great talk. I think everybody got
 

3069
00:56:27,200 --> 00:56:30,390
was a great talk. I think everybody got
a few morsels uh there uh to help combat

3070
00:56:30,390 --> 00:56:30,400
a few morsels uh there uh to help combat
 

3071
00:56:30,400 --> 00:56:32,549
a few morsels uh there uh to help combat
the climate change denier in their life

3072
00:56:32,549 --> 00:56:32,559
the climate change denier in their life
 

3073
00:56:32,559 --> 00:56:34,390
the climate change denier in their life
because we all have one or two of those.

3074
00:56:34,390 --> 00:56:34,400
because we all have one or two of those.
 

3075
00:56:34,400 --> 00:56:37,589
because we all have one or two of those.
Um any any last uh parting words here?

3076
00:56:37,589 --> 00:56:37,599
Um any any last uh parting words here?
 

3077
00:56:37,599 --> 00:56:40,069
Um any any last uh parting words here?
>> Yeah, I'd love to know if it works. Uh

3078
00:56:40,069 --> 00:56:40,079
>> Yeah, I'd love to know if it works. Uh
 

3079
00:56:40,079 --> 00:56:42,470
>> Yeah, I'd love to know if it works. Uh
people can their experience. Uh just

3080
00:56:42,470 --> 00:56:42,480
people can their experience. Uh just
 

3081
00:56:42,480 --> 00:56:44,230
people can their experience. Uh just
remember what I said at the beginning.

3082
00:56:44,230 --> 00:56:44,240
remember what I said at the beginning.
 

3083
00:56:44,240 --> 00:56:46,950
remember what I said at the beginning.
Uh don't just come in hard and and use

3084
00:56:46,950 --> 00:56:46,960
Uh don't just come in hard and and use
 

3085
00:56:46,960 --> 00:56:50,150
Uh don't just come in hard and and use
passion and emotion. Treat them like

3086
00:56:50,150 --> 00:56:50,160
passion and emotion. Treat them like
 

3087
00:56:50,160 --> 00:56:52,390
passion and emotion. Treat them like
they know everything and ask them

3088
00:56:52,390 --> 00:56:52,400
they know everything and ask them
 

3089
00:56:52,400 --> 00:56:54,950
they know everything and ask them
questions. Get them to think in their

3090
00:56:54,950 --> 00:56:54,960
questions. Get them to think in their
 

3091
00:56:54,960 --> 00:56:57,190
questions. Get them to think in their
own head to see their own

3092
00:56:57,190 --> 00:56:57,200
own head to see their own
 

3093
00:56:57,200 --> 00:56:58,789
own head to see their own
contradictions. You can see the brain

3094
00:56:58,789 --> 00:56:58,799
contradictions. You can see the brain
 

3095
00:56:58,799 --> 00:57:00,470
contradictions. You can see the brain
cells worring as they're suddenly

3096
00:57:00,470 --> 00:57:00,480
cells worring as they're suddenly
 

3097
00:57:00,480 --> 00:57:01,990
cells worring as they're suddenly
confronted with something they said

3098
00:57:01,990 --> 00:57:02,000
confronted with something they said
 

3099
00:57:02,000 --> 00:57:03,990
confronted with something they said
earlier. Yeah. Doesn't that contradict

3100
00:57:03,990 --> 00:57:04,000
earlier. Yeah. Doesn't that contradict
 

3101
00:57:04,000 --> 00:57:05,589
earlier. Yeah. Doesn't that contradict
that what you but you said earlier but

3102
00:57:05,589 --> 00:57:05,599
that what you but you said earlier but
 

3103
00:57:05,599 --> 00:57:07,270
that what you but you said earlier but
you and then suddenly they'll realize,

3104
00:57:07,270 --> 00:57:07,280
you and then suddenly they'll realize,
 

3105
00:57:07,280 --> 00:57:08,549
you and then suddenly they'll realize,
oh, hang on a minute. I'm not dealing

3106
00:57:08,549 --> 00:57:08,559
oh, hang on a minute. I'm not dealing
 

3107
00:57:08,559 --> 00:57:09,670
oh, hang on a minute. I'm not dealing
with an idiot.

3108
00:57:09,670 --> 00:57:09,680
with an idiot.
 

3109
00:57:09,680 --> 00:57:11,510
with an idiot.
>> And then they got to start think it's

3110
00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:11,520
>> And then they got to start think it's
 

3111
00:57:11,520 --> 00:57:12,950
>> And then they got to start think it's
great fun to watch. It's

3112
00:57:12,950 --> 00:57:12,960
great fun to watch. It's
 

3113
00:57:12,960 --> 00:57:14,549
great fun to watch. It's
>> I don't actually know anything.

3114
00:57:14,549 --> 00:57:14,559
>> I don't actually know anything.
 

3115
00:57:14,559 --> 00:57:16,309
>> I don't actually know anything.
>> Yeah.

3116
00:57:16,309 --> 00:57:16,319
>> Yeah.
 

3117
00:57:16,319 --> 00:57:17,829
>> Yeah.
>> It's been great talking to you, Dave.

3118
00:57:17,829 --> 00:57:17,839
>> It's been great talking to you, Dave.
 

3119
00:57:17,839 --> 00:57:19,670
>> It's been great talking to you, Dave.
>> Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for lending your

3120
00:57:19,670 --> 00:57:19,680
>> Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for lending your
 

3121
00:57:19,680 --> 00:57:21,750
>> Yeah. Yeah. Thanks for lending your
expertise. I think this is great. Good

3122
00:57:21,750 --> 00:57:21,760
expertise. I think this is great. Good
 

3123
00:57:21,760 --> 00:57:23,829
expertise. I think this is great. Good
stuff. No. While climate change denial

3124
00:57:23,829 --> 00:57:23,839
stuff. No. While climate change denial
 

3125
00:57:23,839 --> 00:57:25,910
stuff. No. While climate change denial
has long been the most pervasive type of

3126
00:57:25,910 --> 00:57:25,920
has long been the most pervasive type of
 

3127
00:57:25,920 --> 00:57:27,750
has long been the most pervasive type of
science denial in our government, it

3128
00:57:27,750 --> 00:57:27,760
science denial in our government, it
 

3129
00:57:27,760 --> 00:57:29,589
science denial in our government, it
certainly isn't going anywhere anytime

3130
00:57:29,589 --> 00:57:29,599
certainly isn't going anywhere anytime
 

3131
00:57:29,599 --> 00:57:31,670
certainly isn't going anywhere anytime
soon and is only going to get even worse

3132
00:57:31,670 --> 00:57:31,680
soon and is only going to get even worse
 

3133
00:57:31,680 --> 00:57:33,829
soon and is only going to get even worse
in this Trump administration. Energy

3134
00:57:33,829 --> 00:57:33,839
in this Trump administration. Energy
 

3135
00:57:33,839 --> 00:57:36,150
in this Trump administration. Energy
Secretary Chris Wright is an oil and gas

3136
00:57:36,150 --> 00:57:36,160
Secretary Chris Wright is an oil and gas
 

3137
00:57:36,160 --> 00:57:38,309
Secretary Chris Wright is an oil and gas
fracking executive who says there is no

3138
00:57:38,309 --> 00:57:38,319
fracking executive who says there is no
 

3139
00:57:38,319 --> 00:57:41,190
fracking executive who says there is no
climate crisis. Head of EPA Lee Zeldon

3140
00:57:41,190 --> 00:57:41,200
climate crisis. Head of EPA Lee Zeldon
 

3141
00:57:41,200 --> 00:57:43,270
climate crisis. Head of EPA Lee Zeldon
is addicted to deregulation and thinks

3142
00:57:43,270 --> 00:57:43,280
is addicted to deregulation and thinks
 

3143
00:57:43,280 --> 00:57:45,349
is addicted to deregulation and thinks
we should drill everywhere. Interior

3144
00:57:45,349 --> 00:57:45,359
we should drill everywhere. Interior
 

3145
00:57:45,359 --> 00:57:47,510
we should drill everywhere. Interior
Secretary Doug Bergam is a proponent of

3146
00:57:47,510 --> 00:57:47,520
Secretary Doug Bergam is a proponent of
 

3147
00:57:47,520 --> 00:57:49,829
Secretary Doug Bergam is a proponent of
increased fossil fuel production, always

3148
00:57:49,829 --> 00:57:49,839
increased fossil fuel production, always
 

3149
00:57:49,839 --> 00:57:51,829
increased fossil fuel production, always
siding with industry interests over

3150
00:57:51,829 --> 00:57:51,839
siding with industry interests over
 

3151
00:57:51,839 --> 00:57:53,990
siding with industry interests over
environmental regulations. And things

3152
00:57:53,990 --> 00:57:54,000
environmental regulations. And things
 

3153
00:57:54,000 --> 00:57:55,750
environmental regulations. And things
don't look much better in a lot of other

3154
00:57:55,750 --> 00:57:55,760
don't look much better in a lot of other
 

3155
00:57:55,760 --> 00:57:57,829
don't look much better in a lot of other
industrialized nations. Things are

3156
00:57:57,829 --> 00:57:57,839
industrialized nations. Things are
 

3157
00:57:57,839 --> 00:57:59,589
industrialized nations. Things are
getting worse. And far from doing

3158
00:57:59,589 --> 00:57:59,599
getting worse. And far from doing
 

3159
00:57:59,599 --> 00:58:01,510
getting worse. And far from doing
anything to stop it, we are accelerating

3160
00:58:01,510 --> 00:58:01,520
anything to stop it, we are accelerating
 

3161
00:58:01,520 --> 00:58:03,430
anything to stop it, we are accelerating
the damage. Of all the things that could

3162
00:58:03,430 --> 00:58:03,440
the damage. Of all the things that could
 

3163
00:58:03,440 --> 00:58:05,750
the damage. Of all the things that could
ruin human civilization, this is towards

3164
00:58:05,750 --> 00:58:05,760
ruin human civilization, this is towards
 

3165
00:58:05,760 --> 00:58:07,750
ruin human civilization, this is towards
the top of the list. So you can count on

3166
00:58:07,750 --> 00:58:07,760
the top of the list. So you can count on
 

3167
00:58:07,760 --> 00:58:09,589
the top of the list. So you can count on
me checking back on this topic from time

3168
00:58:09,589 --> 00:58:09,599
me checking back on this topic from time
 

3169
00:58:09,599 --> 00:58:12,150
me checking back on this topic from time
to time as new developments arise. Until

3170
00:58:12,150 --> 00:58:12,160
to time as new developments arise. Until
 

3171
00:58:12,160 --> 00:58:16,079
to time as new developments arise. Until
then, stay angry and stay loud.